gex — blast, or jagged broken shards?

The one question this page answers: is the market set up to move in one direction, or to chop? It reads that from what dealer gamma forces market-makers to do to stay hedged. The levels, the walls and the decay rate come from the full options chain, captured every 5 minutes and weighted by open interest (OI) only — never by volume. This page also publishes the measurement of its own thesis, and that measurement did not support it. Scroll to "Does any of this actually work?".

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The verdict · SPX · forward book

SET UP TO CHOP IN JAGGED BROKEN SHARDS

Dealers are long gamma where price is trading, so hedging pushes AGAINST moves.

JAGGED, BROKEN-SHARD CONFIGURATION, AND A DURABLE ONE. Dealers are long gamma right where price is trading and price is sitting on the gamma centre of mass, so hedging pushes against every move and the book pulls back toward this strike. Little of this gamma expires today, so the damping configuration carries forward into the sessions ahead rather than resetting at the close.

Directional lean — the secondary, weaker output

NONE

NO DIRECTIONAL LEAN. Dealer gamma describes the SHAPE of the path — how big and how jagged — not which way it points. The asymmetries that could carry a lean (which wall is closer, where the centre of mass sits, vanna, charm) do not agree strongly enough here to name a side, and on this stack none of them beat simply counting how often sessions close up.

Gamma is not destiny. Gamma is not destiny. A large enough directional move overwhelms even a very big wall of dealer gamma — the hedging flow described here is one force among several, and it is the one that gets run over when something bigger arrives. Everything on this page describes how the option book is positioned; none of it is a statement about what price does next.

As of 2026-09-04T20:23:01+00:00 (post_close), spot 7,718.60. The session has closed, so the same-day contracts in the final snapshot are already dead. This verdict is built on the FORWARD book — the gamma that still exists for the next session. Regime read from net dealer gamma inside +/-1% of spot, as a share of the gross gamma in that band; it nets 40% one way (called flat below 20%), over 31 strikes within ±1% of price.

The range the option market is charging for

Daily breakeven 0.35% front at-the-money implied vol 5.63% (expiry 2026-09-08) / sqrt(252)

If we used gamma instead 0.73% middle half 0.57%–0.91% · quintile 4 of banked history, n=26. Shown for completeness: the measurement below found gamma adds nothing to the breakeven.

Wall-to-wall corridor 2.27% put wall 7,650.00 to call wall 7,825.00

Last session delivered 0.52% 1.46× the breakeven — is the tape paying for the gamma. Sampled on the 5-minute grid, so it is a floor on the true session range, not the true high and low.

THIS READING SPANS A WEEKEND. The breakeven divides by sqrt(252) TRADING days, but the next session carries three calendar days of risk. Measured on the banked data, a Friday reading is followed by a range 1.50x the breakeven versus about 1.01x on other weekdays — so treat the figure above as understated here.

the one-day move the option market is charging for. Part B found this is the figure that carries the information; the gamma reading did not add to it.

How fast this regime decays

Of the book that survives, at the front expiry 29.3% share of the FORWARD book's gross gamma sitting at its front expiry (2026-09-08) — this is what makes the verdict say "slow decay" (fast at 50%).

Same-day expiry, session book 57.4% of the gross gamma on the session book sits at 2026-09-04's own expiry — which has now passed.

Of the gamma right at price 103% disappeared with that expiry — -$8.29B on the session book became +$252.4M on the forward book. Today's stabiliser is not tomorrow's unless it is rolled.

This is how much of the book dies at its very next expiry. It is the regime's DECAY RATE rather than its level — how long whatever is shaping the tape has left to exist. The share of gamma at the front expiry is unremarkable for this book. A meaningful slice resets when it expires and the rest carries forward.

Where the walls sat, through the session — 5-minute chain, 2026-09-04

Walls MIGRATING through a session is more informative than their level. Across 80 snapshots the call wall moved 7,825.00 → 7,825.00, the put wall 7,650.00 → 7,715.00, and the gamma centre of mass 7,746.94 → 7,712.29. The sign of the at-spot gamma changed 21 time(s) during the session. A null zero-gamma cross is a real answer — on about a third of readings the cumulative curve never crosses zero inside the band — so it is drawn as a gap, never as zero.

Overnight — ES against SPX's frozen walls

ES is essentially flat since the cash close, which puts SPX at about 7,718.85. That sits 1.38% below the call wall at 7,825.00 and 0.89% above the put wall at 7,650.00. The wall levels themselves are frozen from the last session's settled open interest and do not move until the next session settles.

E-mini S&P 500 (ESU6) 7,716.75 315s ago · front month, resolved by live volume

As SPX-equivalent 7,718.85 +0.00% since the cash close at 7,718.60

vs the frozen call wall 7,825.00 price is 1.38% below it right now

vs the frozen put wall 7,650.00 price is 0.89% above it right now

The conversion, so it is checkable: ES shown as SPX-equivalent: ES now 7,716.75, ES at the Fri close 7,716.50, so 7,718.60 x (7,716.75 / 7,716.50) = 7,718.85. The move in the future since the cash close, applied to SPX's price at that close — the basis and the index/ETF ratio cancel out, so no ratio is estimated.

Two different clocks, on purpose. The wall levels and the futures price are deliberately from DIFFERENT CLOCKS. Wall levels come from settled open interest, which the clearing house publishes overnight and does not revise during a session — so a wall is a constant until the next settlement, not a stale reading. Futures trade around the clock. Comparing the two is what shows whether price is drifting toward or away from the level while the cash market is shut.

Overnight liquidity 8.9% of the regular session's volume per 5-minute bar (1,166 vs 13,154). Overnight futures liquidity is far thinner than the regular session. A wall approached at 03:00 on light volume is not the same event as one approached at 14:00, and neither this page nor the dealer hedging behind the wall treats it as one.

Hedging is not active overnight read it as position, not pressure The dealer hedging that would enforce a wall is largely NOT ACTIVE while the cash market is shut, so an overnight approach to a level is not the same event as a daytime one. The caveat about which side dealers are actually on applies here more strongly, not less.

No predictive claim 37.2% vs 38.0% This overlay adds no predictive power, and this app measured that: when price reached the call wall it closed back below only 37.2% of the time against 38.0% for an arbitrary level the same distance away. The overlay shows WHERE price is relative to a frozen level, nothing more.

Does the option book calm this move or amplify it? — SPX · forward book

Right now, at price CALMING moves Dealers are long gamma where price is, so hedging leans against moves — a shock-absorber that damps pushes into chop.

Dealer gamma at price +$5.50B per 1% move. Positive = long gamma (calms); negative = short gamma (amplifies).

The flip — the regime boundary 7,708.65 0.13% below 0.13% below price (7,718.60). On the other side of it the book flips to amplifying moves.

A different chart from the bars below. The bars break dealer gamma down strike by strike; this line adds it all up and shows the total at each hypothetical spot price. Where the line is green (above zero) the book is long gamma and dealers hedge against moves — it CALMS the tape; where it is red (below zero) they are short gamma and hedge with moves — it AMPLIFIES. The tall black line is where price is now; the teal line is the flip between the two. The dashed 0DTE line (when present) is the same book with only same-day contracts — that is where late-session pockets come from. Modelled, not measured — MODELLED, NOT MEASURED. Each contract is repriced with Black-Scholes gamma while its implied vol and days-to-expiry are held FIXED and spot is hypothetically moved (a sticky-strike assumption); r=0; same-day options are floored to 1 day of time so their gamma stays finite (they are removed entirely on the forward book); the contract universe is identical to the per-strike chart (+/-15% of spot, nearest 6 expiries); OI-weighted, never volume; calls +1, puts -1, netted per contract.

What time and vol force dealers to do — SPX · forward book

Time passing — charm BUYING Time passing is forcing dealers to BUY the underlying to stay hedged (they are decaying into a shorter delta). Under the usual dealer-side convention only — if the convention is wrong, they sell instead. Source: gamma/data/chain x-block + header texp/rate/q; OI-only; never volume. As of 2026-09-04T20:23:01+00:00. These numbers are not an input to verdict.regime / decay / pin / lean.

Dealer delta drifting per day -$4.07B dollar-delta per calendar day at price. Positive = decaying longer → sell to stay flat.

Of that, same-day vs the rest — 0DTE / -$1,486.35B rest Same-day charm is the late-session drift. The two are shown separately so 0DTE cannot hide inside the total. 0 same-day contracts in this book.

Charm flip — where time-decay changes sign 7,845.72 1.65% The price where dealer hedging from time passing flips from buy to sell (or the other way) — the price where time-decay hedge flow changes sign. VolSignals' charm flip lands on a measured short line when the position is right; ours lands on the same conventional book, so the location is a concentration, not a confirmed short.

Implied-vol shift — vanna +$4.82B If implied vol FALLS 1 point, dealers would have to BUY the underlying to stay hedged (and SELL if vol rises). Under the usual dealer-side convention only. Per 1 vol-point, dollar-delta. Source: same book, same as-of 2026-09-04T20:23:01+00:00.

Our chain's own charm / vanna (not fused) -$1,486.35B / +$481.52B The already-banked local greeks from the 5-minute chain (xcharm / xvanna), summed OI-weighted at this spot. A second estimator, never averaged into the curves. Census: 1549 known, 523 missing. The archive pins 0DTE at ~12 hours all session, so these do not explode into the close — that disagreement with the live-T tiles is information, never averaged.

Same book at 15:45 ET — less time left absent this snapshot is already past 15:45 ET (or past 15 minutes before expiry) — a late-day reprice is not invented from a later clock As of 2026-09-04T20:23:01+00:00.

charm is how dealer hedging drifts as the clock runs, even if price does not move. Green (above zero) = absorb: time is making dealers longer delta, so they SELL to stay flat. Red (below zero) = amplify: time is making them shorter, so they BUY. The tall black line is where price is now; the teal line is the charm flip — the price where that buy/sell pressure changes sign. vanna is how dealer hedging shifts when implied vol moves, even if price does not. Same geometry; a 1-point vol drop forces the hedge in the tile above. The third canvas is the same OI book with less time left (15:45 ET) — the honest substitute for VolSignals' late red 0DTE pockets, without claiming we saw the shorts. No buy-and-hold line: these are cross-sections of the option book against hypothetical spot, not a time series of an asset. Modelled, not measured — MODELLED, NOT MEASURED. Same signed book as the per-strike GEX chart (±15% of spot, nearest 6 expiries, OI-only, never volume). Time remaining is the clock to the banked expiry instant, not a 1-day floor — so 0DTE gamma and charm into the close are visible here and hidden on the regime curve above (that curve keeps the 1-day floor so it stays comparable to the banked history). The late-day gamma slice is the SAME open-interest book with less time left — not a forecast of trades or of price. 0DTE contracts with oi=0 do not appear. The dealer-side sign is the usual convention (customers sell calls / buy puts) and is often wrong; VolSignals showed 20 of 36 large 0DTE lines carrying the wrong sign under it. Read the NUMBERS as concentrations; read the DIRECTION as an assumption.

Today's 0DTE prints are not a position. In-band, same-day contracts printed 3,010,083 contracts of volume across 530 listed lines; 13 of those lines still report open interest 0 (OCC has not settled today's listings). Including strikes outside the ±15% band: 3,013,171 contracts (16 oi=0-with-volume lines) — lotto prints outside the GEX window are not silent. That volume is activity, counted here so it is visible, and it is never used as a weight on gamma, charm or vanna — substituting it inverted the sign of this book's GEX in 2026-08. As of 2026-09-04T20:23:01+00:00.

Conventional amplifiers and absorbers near price · SPX

Not a VolSignals "test." They reserved that word for a measured market-maker short. These are the most-negative (amplifiers) and most-positive (absorbers) dollar-gamma strikes inside ±2% of price under the usual dealer-side convention. Dealers are assumed LONG calls and SHORT puts (customers buy puts / sell calls). That is a convention, not a measurement. VolSignals, 2026-08-31, on SPX 0DTE: 20 of 36 lines with >300 contracts had the OPPOSITE sign. When the convention is wrong, every label below flips: an amplifier absorbs, an absorber amplifies.

Amplifier 1 · -0.89% from price 7,650.00 -$1.50B dealer gamma per 1% · 6,405 net contracts. Under the usual assumption that dealers are short gamma here, hedging would AMPLIFY a move through this strike. We cannot see who is actually short. If customers bought these options, dealers are short and this behaves as a test; if the convention is wrong, it absorbs instead.

Amplifier 2 · -0.56% from price 7,675.00 -$1.16B dealer gamma per 1% · 4,618 net contracts. Under the usual assumption that dealers are short gamma here, hedging would AMPLIFY a move through this strike. We cannot see who is actually short. If customers bought these options, dealers are short and this behaves as a test; if the convention is wrong, it absorbs instead.

Amplifier 3 · -1.54% from price 7,600.00 -$1.07B dealer gamma per 1% · 7,681 net contracts. Under the usual assumption that dealers are short gamma here, hedging would AMPLIFY a move through this strike. We cannot see who is actually short. If customers bought these options, dealers are short and this behaves as a test; if the convention is wrong, it absorbs instead.

Absorber 1 · +1.38% from price 7,825.00 +$3.03B dealer gamma per 1% · 31,928 net contracts. Under the usual assumption that dealers are long gamma here, hedging would ABSORB a move through this strike — selling rallies, buying dips. We cannot see who is actually long. If the convention is wrong, it amplifies instead.

Absorber 2 · +1.05% from price 7,800.00 +$1.82B dealer gamma per 1% · 12,420 net contracts. Under the usual assumption that dealers are long gamma here, hedging would ABSORB a move through this strike — selling rallies, buying dips. We cannot see who is actually long. If the convention is wrong, it amplifies instead.

Absorber 3 · +0.41% from price 7,750.00 +$1.71B dealer gamma per 1% · 3,302 net contracts. Under the usual assumption that dealers are long gamma here, hedging would ABSORB a move through this strike — selling rallies, buying dips. We cannot see who is actually long. If the convention is wrong, it amplifies instead.

As of 2026-09-04T20:23:01+00:00 · forward book · source: per-strike OI-weighted dollar gamma, same snapshot as the walls; dealer-side sign is a convention.

Net dealer gamma by strike — SPX, 2026-09-04

Netted contract counts are the primary measure and the default view here; dollar gamma is the secondary toggle. Dollar gamma at a single strike balloons as price approaches it and collapses as price leaves, so a dollar-ranked wall is a moving target while a contract-counted one is not. By contract count the walls sit at 7,825.00 (calls) and 6,800.00 (puts); by dollar gamma at 7,825.00 and 7,650.00. The shaded band is ±1% around spot — that band is the regime measure at the top of this page.

Optional data · previous bull & bear runs · SPX · close-to-close swings ≥ 20% · daily archive 1927-12-30 → 2026-09-04

This is a different question from the rest of the page. Everything above reads the dealer-gamma regime from the option book. This block reads historical directional runs off a daily close archive going back to 1927-12-30 — no options data is involved. It is here as an optional comparison, not as part of the verdict, and nothing in it feeds the regime reading.

Swing threshold — what counts as a run ending: 3% 5% 10% 15% 20%

Last day -0.38% close 7,718.60 vs 2026-09-03

Last week +0.09% vs 2026-08-28 (≥7 calendar days back)

Last month -0.06% vs 2026-08-05 (≥30 calendar days back)

The run we are in NOW BULL +115.8% 975 sessions since 2022-10-12 — still open, it has not confirmed its next pivot. 8 of 27 completed bull runs moved further, 8 lasted longer.

A typical bull run here +79.8% median of 27 completed, median 394.00 sessions; best +582.1%

A typical bear run here -32.9% median of 27 completed, median 167.00 sessions; worst -61.8%

Every close in the archive, with each bull run shaded green and each bear run red at the threshold selected above. Runs are CLOSE-only — intraday extremes are not in this archive, so a run's depth understates the true high-low move. The last segment is the open run: it has not confirmed its next pivot and can still extend or be re-labelled.

The same runs OVERLAID: every run re-based to 0% at its own start, plotted against sessions elapsed, so the run we are in now (the black line) can be read against every previous run of the archive at a glance — steeper is faster, longer is more stretched.

All 56 runs at this threshold, newest first — the same data drives the two charts above (JSON feed). Every column sortable.
Run	Start	End	Sessions	Calendar days	Change	Pace / session	Status
BULL	2022-10-12	2026-09-04	975	1423	+115.78%	+0.119%	OPEN — the run now
BEAR	2022-01-03	2022-10-12	195	282	-25.43%	-0.130%	completed
BULL	2020-03-23	2022-01-03	450	651	+114.38%	+0.254%	completed
BEAR	2020-02-19	2020-03-23	23	33	-33.92%	-1.475%	completed
BULL	2009-03-09	2020-02-19	2756	3999	+400.52%	+0.145%	completed
BEAR	2009-01-06	2009-03-09	42	62	-27.62%	-0.658%	completed
BULL	2008-11-20	2009-01-06	30	47	+24.22%	+0.807%	completed
BEAR	2007-10-09	2008-11-20	283	408	-51.93%	-0.183%	completed
BULL	2002-07-23	2007-10-09	1313	1904	+96.21%	+0.073%	completed
BEAR	2002-01-04	2002-07-23	137	200	-31.97%	-0.233%	completed
BULL	2001-09-21	2002-01-04	72	105	+21.40%	+0.297%	completed
BEAR	2000-03-24	2001-09-21	373	546	-36.77%	-0.099%	completed
BULL	1987-12-04	2000-03-24	3109	4494	+582.15%	+0.187%	completed
BEAR	1987-08-25	1987-12-04	71	101	-33.51%	-0.472%	completed
BULL	1982-08-12	1987-08-25	1273	1839	+228.81%	+0.180%	completed
BEAR	1980-11-28	1982-08-12	430	622	-27.11%	-0.063%	completed
BULL	1974-10-03	1980-11-28	1555	2248	+125.63%	+0.081%	completed
BEAR	1973-01-11	1974-10-03	436	630	-48.20%	-0.111%	completed
BULL	1970-05-26	1973-01-11	665	961	+73.53%	+0.111%	completed
BEAR	1968-11-29	1970-05-26	369	543	-36.06%	-0.098%	completed
BULL	1966-10-07	1968-11-29	516	784	+48.05%	+0.093%	completed
BEAR	1966-02-09	1966-10-07	167	240	-22.18%	-0.133%	completed
BULL	1962-06-26	1966-02-09	913	1324	+79.78%	+0.087%	completed
BEAR	1961-12-12	1962-06-26	135	196	-27.97%	-0.207%	completed
BULL	1957-10-22	1961-12-12	1042	1512	+86.35%	+0.083%	completed
BEAR	1956-08-02	1957-10-22	307	446	-21.47%	-0.070%	completed
BULL	1949-06-13	1956-08-02	1789	2607	+266.35%	+0.149%	completed
BEAR	1948-06-15	1949-06-13	250	363	-20.57%	-0.082%	completed
BULL	1947-05-19	1948-06-15	268	393	+23.89%	+0.089%	completed
BEAR	1946-05-29	1947-05-19	243	355	-28.47%	-0.117%	completed
BULL	1942-04-28	1946-05-29	1021	1492	+157.70%	+0.154%	completed
BEAR	1940-11-07	1942-04-28	365	537	-34.42%	-0.094%	completed
BULL	1940-06-10	1940-11-07	105	150	+26.70%	+0.254%	completed
BEAR	1939-10-25	1940-06-10	155	229	-31.95%	-0.206%	completed
BULL	1939-04-11	1939-10-25	137	197	+26.78%	+0.195%	completed
BEAR	1938-10-10	1939-04-11	122	183	-25.09%	-0.206%	completed
BULL	1938-03-31	1938-10-10	133	193	+63.65%	+0.479%	completed
BEAR	1937-03-10	1938-03-31	267	386	-54.47%	-0.204%	completed
BULL	1935-03-14	1937-03-10	499	727	+131.64%	+0.264%	completed
BEAR	1934-02-06	1935-03-14	273	401	-31.81%	-0.117%	completed
BULL	1933-10-19	1934-02-06	74	110	+37.28%	+0.504%	completed
BEAR	1933-07-18	1933-10-19	65	93	-29.43%	-0.453%	completed
BULL	1933-02-27	1933-07-18	91	141	+120.61%	+1.325%	completed
BEAR	1932-09-07	1933-02-27	116	173	-40.60%	-0.350%	completed
BULL	1932-06-01	1932-09-07	68	98	+111.59%	+1.641%	completed
BEAR	1931-11-09	1932-06-01	140	205	-61.81%	-0.441%	completed
BULL	1931-10-05	1931-11-09	23	35	+30.61%	+1.331%	completed
BEAR	1931-06-26	1931-10-05	70	101	-42.54%	-0.608%	completed
BULL	1931-06-02	1931-06-26	18	24	+25.82%	+1.434%	completed
BEAR	1931-02-24	1931-06-02	69	98	-32.86%	-0.476%	completed
BULL	1930-12-16	1931-02-24	46	70	+25.83%	+0.562%	completed
BEAR	1930-04-10	1930-12-16	171	250	-44.29%	-0.259%	completed
BULL	1929-11-13	1930-04-10	101	148	+46.77%	+0.463%	completed
BEAR	1929-09-16	1929-11-13	40	58	-44.57%	-1.114%	completed
BULL	1928-02-20	1929-09-16	394	574	+87.96%	+0.223%	completed
BEAR	1927-12-30	1928-02-20	34	52	-4.02%	-0.118%	partial (starts at archive edge)

Source: yahoo_max_seed + live daily shard. A swing threshold is a definition, not a discovery — 10% is the conventional correction cut, 20% the conventional bear-market cut; the buttons re-segment the same archive so the definition is yours to pick.

Major support & resistance · SPX · forward book

Read these as where hedging is concentrated, not as levels price must respect. These are where dealer hedging CONCENTRATES. They are not levels price is obliged to respect: a big enough directional move overwhelms even a massive wall of gamma.

And we measured it. When the tape actually reached the call wall it closed back below only 39.4% of the time (n=282); the put wall held 43.1% of 195. Neither beat a level placed the same distance away with no gamma in it. So the ladder on the page CANNOT rank levels by a measured reliability, because no such reliability was found. It ranks them by raw concentration — how much of the book sits at that strike — and prints this null result beside the labels rather than implying a strength the data does not support.

7,900.00

+181.40pts
+2.35%

RESISTANCE · secondary call concentration · 3rd largest

1.9% of the netted book · 10,440 net contracts (10,804 calls / 364 puts)

A further band of call hedging above price, lighter than the wall but closer to the tape than the numbers alone suggest. The same mechanics apply, at smaller size.

7,825.00

+106.40pts
+1.38%

RESISTANCE · call wall · largest

5.7% of the netted book · 31,928 net contracts (32,197 calls / 269 puts)

The heaviest call hedging overhead. On the usual assumption that dealers are LONG these calls, staying hedged means selling into rallies as price approaches — which is what would slow a move here.

7,800.00

+81.40pts
+1.05%

RESISTANCE · secondary call concentration · 2nd largest

2.2% of the netted book · 12,420 net contracts (14,828 calls / 2,408 puts)

A further band of call hedging above price, lighter than the wall but closer to the tape than the numbers alone suggest. The same mechanics apply, at smaller size.

7,718.60

—

PRICE IS HERE · as of 2026-09-04T20:23:01+00:00

7,550.00

-168.60pts
-2.18%

SUPPORT · secondary put concentration · 3rd largest

2.5% of the netted book · 14,023 net contracts (426 calls / 14,449 puts)

A further band of put hedging below price, lighter than the wall. The same mechanics apply, at smaller size.

7,500.00

-218.60pts
-2.83%

SUPPORT · secondary put concentration · 2nd largest

3.1% of the netted book · 17,480 net contracts (920 calls / 18,400 puts)

A further band of put hedging below price, lighter than the wall. The same mechanics apply, at smaller size.

6,800.00

-918.60pts
-11.90%

SUPPORT · put wall · largest

3.5% of the netted book · 19,706 net contracts (1 calls / 19,707 puts) · by dollar gamma the heaviest strike is elsewhere

The heaviest put hedging below. On the usual assumption that dealers are SHORT these puts, staying hedged means buying as price falls toward it — which is what would cushion a move here.

Regime boundary — NOT support or resistance 7,800.00 +1.05% The strike where the running total of dealer gamma changes sign. Above it dealer hedging leans against moves and damps them; below it hedging leans with moves and amplifies them. It is a boundary between two behaviours, NOT a level price is repelled by — and this page reads the live regime from the gamma right around spot rather than from this level, because spot-versus-flip is much weaker than it is usually treated as.

Magnet — the opposite of a barrier 7,705.91 -0.16% The gamma-weighted centre of the book: the level hedging flow pulls price TOWARD, rather than a level that pushes price away. Price sitting on it is the pinned configuration.

WHICH SIDE ARE DEALERS ACTUALLY ON? This is the one thing gamma exposure cannot see, and it decides whether a wall brakes or accelerates. Every number here INFERS it from a convention — that customers sell calls and buy puts, so dealers end up long calls and short puts, which is what makes a call wall behave like a ceiling. When that convention is wrong the sign flips with it: if customers are BUYING calls, dealers are SHORT them, and staying hedged means buying INTO a rally through the same strike — the level becomes an accelerant instead of a brake. On the book these levels are drawn from, 29.3% of the gross gamma sits at the front expiry — the short-dated, retail-facing end of the chain, where that assumption is least safe. Nothing on this page can confirm the direction, so read the labels as where hedging is concentrated, not as which way it will push.

Ranked by netted contract count at the strike (call open interest minus put open interest), as a share of the netted contracts across the whole band. Top 3 each side — a secondary strike close to price routinely matters more than the headline wall far from it, which is why this is a ladder and not a single level.

The levels · forward book

Net gamma within ±1% of price +$7.97B across 31 strikes. This is the regime measure.

At the single nearest strike +$252.4M strike 7,720.00 — noisier than the band, kept because it is the form the banked history uses.

Whole-book gamma +$7.77B vendor gamma. Our own Black-Scholes solve says +$476.8M — never fused, so a disagreement stays visible.

call wall 7,825.00 1.38% above price

put wall 7,650.00 0.89% below price

gamma centre of mass 7,705.91 -0.16% from price

Zero-gamma cross 7,800.00 A level, not the regime boundary. Spot being above or below it is far weaker information than it is usually given credit for.

Walls by contract count 7,825.00 / 6,800.00 the stable read (calls / puts)

Where each reading sits against this root's own banked history. A percentile is a rank against the past; a share is already its own position on the scale — the column says which, because mixing them silently is how a page ends up printing two sentences that contradict each other.
Reading	Value	Basis	What that state means
Net dealer gamma at spot	77.9	percentile of history	Dealer gamma at spot is positive and high versus its own history. Dealers carry a long-gamma book right where price is, so staying hedged means selling strength and buying weakness — the flow that compresses ranges and turns breakouts back.
Share of dealer gamma at the front expiry	29.3	share of the book	The share of gamma at the front expiry is unremarkable for this book. A meaningful slice resets when it expires and the rest carries forward.
Room between the walls	17.6	percentile of history	The walls are closer together than usual. The corridor of concentrated hedging around spot is tight.
Distance from spot to the zero-gamma cross	17.9	percentile of history	Spot is closer to the zero-gamma cross than usual. The strike where the running total changes sign is within easy reach of where price is trading.
What the tape delivered versus what options charged	90.6	percentile of history	The tape delivered more movement than the option market charged for. Realised volatility ran ahead of what was priced.

Does any of this actually work? — this app measuring its own thesis

THESIS HELD: NO — NOT ESTABLISHED. Dealer gamma tracks the volatility regime, but it did not beat what the option market had already priced.

RAW, the thesis looks right: the most negative-gamma quintile was followed by a 1.79% median range and the most positive by 1.56% (pooled rho -0.083, p=0.0076).
CONTROLLED, it disappears. Measure the same range in units of what options charged for it (range / IV breakeven) and the relationship is rho 0.038, p=0.22 — nothing. Negative-gamma sessions ARE high-implied-vol sessions: median breakeven fell from 1.66% in the short-gamma quintile to 1.38% in the long-gamma quintile. Gamma was reading the thermometer, not adding to it.
The BLAST-vs-SHARDS part specifically shows nothing: path efficiency (how much of the day's travel became net progress) against gamma is rho -0.016, p=0.60.
The FAILED-BREAKOUT prediction runs the wrong way. Long dealer gamma is supposed to produce MORE failed breakouts; measured, long gamma faded 33.1% of breakout attempts and short gamma faded 34.3%.
No directional signal beat the base rate: 53.0% of next sessions closed up, and not one of the four asymmetries did better.

One thing did survive. ONE reading did keep a signal after the calendar was removed, and it is the DECAY RATE rather than the level: the 0DTE share of gamma. Ranked inside each (root x weekday) cell — which removes the weekday effect completely, not just its linear part — a higher 0DTE share went with the next session realising MORE range than options had charged for: pooled rho 0.087 (n=910 across 35 cells), and POSITIVE on all 7 roots tested. It is called SUGGESTIVE and not established, for three reasons: only 0 of 7 roots reach significance on their own, the pooled p-value is overstated because the roots share market days, and the sample is five months of one year.

The dealer-positioning MECHANICS are still a fact about the book — where gamma sits, which strikes force hedging, how fast it decays. Those are structural readings, not forecasts. What this test refuses to support is treating them as an independent edge over implied volatility.

Quintiles of dealer gamma at spot, cut WITHIN each root, against what the NEXT session actually did. Q1 = the most negative gamma (the blast end); Q5 = the most positive (the jagged/pinned end). Pooled over SPY, QQQ, IWM, SPX, AAPL, MSFT, NVDA, TSLA, n=1040. Read the last two columns together: the range falls from Q1 to Q5, but so does the breakeven — which is the whole finding. Every column sortable.
Quintile	n	Next range (median)	Middle half	What options charged	Range ÷ charged	Path efficiency	Failed breakouts
Q1 — most short gamma	216	1.79%	1.09%–2.90%	1.66%	1.069	0.467	34.0% of 191
Q2	208	1.78%	1.23%–2.56%	1.78%	0.999	0.476	32.6% of 181
Q3	200	1.86%	1.16%–2.79%	1.75%	1.039	0.438	34.7% of 190
Q4	208	1.71%	1.01%–2.65%	1.52%	1.093	0.509	29.8% of 191
Q5 — most long gamma	208	1.56%	0.91%–2.36%	1.38%	1.090	0.432	36.8% of 182

Per-root results — raw versus vol-controlled, every root

The middle column is the honest one. "Raw" correlates gamma with the next session's raw range; "vol-controlled" correlates it with that range measured in units of what options charged for it. A negative raw rho with a dead controlled rho means the reading was tracking the volatility regime rather than adding to it. Pooled significance across these roots is OVERSTATED — they share market days and SPY/SPX/QQQ are close to the same trade.
Root	n	Raw: gamma → next range	Vol-controlled: gamma → range ÷ charged	Blast-vs-shards (path efficiency)
SPY	130	-0.118 (p=0.182)	+0.094 (p=0.289)	+0.021 (p=0.809)
QQQ	130	-0.145 (p=0.099)	-0.002 (p=0.978)	-0.179 (p=0.042)
IWM	130	-0.136 (p=0.122)	+0.077 (p=0.382)	-0.043 (p=0.628)
SPX	130	-0.226 (p=0.010)	-0.009 (p=0.918)	+0.034 (p=0.700)
SPXW	108	-0.351 (p=0.000)	+0.111 (p=0.369)	-0.054 (p=0.581)
AAPL	130	-0.116 (p=0.189)	+0.126 (p=0.155)	+0.086 (p=0.330)
MSFT	130	-0.124 (p=0.160)	-0.081 (p=0.359)	-0.109 (p=0.219)
NVDA	130	+0.049 (p=0.582)	+0.145 (p=0.099)	+0.133 (p=0.131)
TSLA	130	-0.111 (p=0.208)	+0.002 (p=0.979)	-0.080 (p=0.365)

What is wrong with this test — the limits, stated

POOLED SIGNIFICANCE IS OVERSTATED. The roots share the same market days and SPY/SPX/QQQ are close to the same trade, so a pooled n is not that many independent observations — the effective n is nearer the per-root session count.

SPXW is excluded from every pooled set: same underlying as SPX, so its outcome rows are duplicates.

THE WEEKEND ARTEFACT. breakeven divides by sqrt(252) TRADING days, so a Friday reading is compared against a Monday session carrying three calendar days of risk. Measured below as friday_artefact. Friday rows carry weekend_span=true.

2026 only. The OI-weighted gamma archive starts 2026-03-02 (the OCC open-interest purchase window), so there is no multi-year sample and no other market regime in it.

This measures ASSOCIATION on banked sessions. It is not a trading result and carries no costs, slippage or capacity.

DIFFERENT CONSTRUCTION FROM THE LIVE READ. These hit rates are measured on the DAILY DOLLAR-GEX AGGREGATE, because that is the only per-session gamma that exists back through 2026-02. The live panel on this page is built on per-strike NETTED CONTRACT COUNTS from the 5-minute chain recorder, which only starts 2026-08-05. Dollar gamma at a strike explodes as spot approaches it and collapses as it leaves, so the aggregate is exactly the weaker construction — this table does not validate the live measure exactly, and it is not claimed to.

Directional bias — why it stays weak

Gamma is path-shape, not direction. The four asymmetries that could legitimately carry a lean were each measured against the next session's signed return. The number that matters is the base rate: 53.0% of next sessions simply closed up (n=1040). A lean has to beat that, not 50%. None of them did — which is why "no directional lean" is this page's standing answer rather than a fallback.

Asymmetry	n	Rank correlation	Hit rate	Beat the base rate?
room to the call wall minus room to the put wall	1040	+0.006 (p=0.844)	49.5%	no
where the gamma centre of mass sits versus spot	1040	+0.003 (p=0.918)	48.9%	no
net vanna exposure — the mechanical bid if volatility falls	1040	-0.048 (p=0.122)	49.1%	no
net charm exposure — hedge drift from time passing	1040	+0.077 (p=0.013)	53.4%	yes

How fresh this is, and what does not line up

This page runs on several clocks and they are never averaged into one. A wall level is frozen by design — settled open interest does not move until the next settlement — while the futures print is seconds old. One "as of" covering both would be a lie about both.
Clock	As of	Expected cadence	What it is
options chain · held	2026-09-04T20:23:01+00:00	every 5m	The full option chain, captured every 5 minutes while the market is open and held at the last reading once it closes. Outside trading hours a held clock is correct behaviour, not a failure.
profile build · held	2026-09-04T21:50:59Z	every 10m	When the per-strike gamma profile on this page was last rebuilt from the chain archive. It rebuilds every 10 minutes while the market is open and holds at the last build once it closes — a held clock out of hours is correct, not a failure.
open interest · settled	2026-09-04	every 1d	Settled overnight by the clearing house for the PREVIOUS session. It does not move intraday — market structure, not neglect.
daily history · settled	2026-09-04	every 1d	The banked daily-close spine the history charts draw. One row per session.
ES futures	2026-09-07T03:45:00+00:00	every 5m	ESU6, the front-month contract resolved by live volume rather than a continuous alias. It trades while the cash market is shut, which is the whole reason it can be compared against a wall level that is frozen until the next settlement.
bull/bear archive · settled	2026-09-04	every 1d	Daily closes from 1927-12-30 to 2026-09-04, used ONLY by the optional bull/bear runs block. It extends by one row per completed session, so a day behind is normal and a week behind is not.

Chain snapshot 2026-09-04T20:23:01+00:00 post_close · every 5 minutes in regular trading hours, plus a pre-open and a post-close bracket

Open interest previous session PREVIOUS session, settled overnight by the clearing house. It does not move intraday — a market-structure fact, not a defect.

Open-interest census 2,646 known 0 MISSING — excluded from every sum and counted here, never treated as zero and never swapped for volume. 574 genuine vendor-reported zeros.

Banked history from 2026-03-02 (the OCC open-interest purchase); continues past 2026-08-04 from the live chain recorder rather than ending there the window the hit rates above were measured on.

The live read and the backtest are not the same construction. THE LIVE READ AND THE BACKTEST ARE NOT THE SAME CONSTRUCTION, and a reader must not assume the one validates the other exactly. This file computes per-strike NETTED CONTRACT COUNTS from the 5-minute chain recorder, which banks per-contract open interest for all 9 roots — but only from 2026-08-05 forward. The Part B validation history (2026-02 .. 2026-08-04) has no per-strike open interest at all; only the DAILY DOLLAR-GEX AGGREGATE exists back there, which is the very construction the contract-count rule warns against. So the hit rates on this page were measured on the aggregate, while the live regime read is built on the netted counts.

Every term on this page, in plain words

gammaHow fast an option's directional exposure changes as the underlying moves. A dealer who sold options has to keep re-adjusting their hedge as gamma moves that exposure around, and the re-adjusting is real buying and selling in the underlying.

dealer gammaThe gamma sitting on market-makers' books. It matters because their hedging is not discretionary — it is forced, mechanical, and large enough to shape the tape.

long dealer gammaDealers are net owners of gamma. Staying hedged means selling into rallies and buying into dips, which pushes against whatever the tape is doing. This is the state that produces pinning, failed breakouts and tight ranges — the jagged, broken-shard tape.

short dealer gammaDealers are net short gamma. Staying hedged means buying into rallies and selling into dips, which pushes WITH the move. This is the state that produces follow-through, gaps and trends — the blast tape.

GEX (gamma exposure)The total dealer gamma across the chain, expressed in dollars per 1% move. Positive means dealers are net long gamma; negative means net short.

local gamma at spotThe net dealer gamma right where price is trading. This is the regime measure on this page — the gamma dealers are actually hedging right now, rather than a total over strikes nowhere near the money.

zero-gamma cross (the "flip")The strike where the running total of dealer gamma first crosses zero. It is a LEVEL, not the regime boundary — a common mix-up. Spot being above or below it is far weaker information than people assume, which is why this page reads the regime from the gamma at spot instead.

call wallThe strike above spot carrying the heaviest positive dealer gamma. Hedging concentrated there is the structural reason moves tend to slow as price approaches it.

put wallThe strike below spot carrying the heaviest negative dealer gamma. Hedging there tends to speed moves up rather than slow them.

gamma centre of massThe gamma-weighted average strike — where the book's hedging pressure is centred. Price sitting on it is the classic pinned configuration.

0DTE gamma shareHow much of the gamma on the book expires the same day. It is the DECAY RATE of the regime: when almost all of it is same-day, whatever is steadying the tape today is simply gone tomorrow unless traders roll it.

open interest (OI)How many contracts are still open and held by somebody. It measures positions rather than activity, and it is the clearing house's PREVIOUS-session settled count — published overnight, unchanged during the day. A strike listed this morning reads zero all session even while millions trade. That is market structure, not a broken feed.

netted contract countCalls minus puts at the same strike. After delta-hedging, a call and a put at one strike are the same hedging problem, so they net. Counting contracts is steadier than counting dollars of gamma, because dollar gamma at a single strike balloons as price approaches it and collapses as price leaves.

daily breakevenThe one-day move the option market is charging for, computed as front at-the-money implied volatility divided by the square root of 252. It is the honest yardstick for whether a session was big or small: a 1% range is enormous if options priced 0.4% and unremarkable if they priced 1.1%.

vannaHow dealer hedging shifts when implied vol moves, even if price doesn't. A pure change in volatility can force buying or selling with no price move at all.

charmHow dealer hedging drifts as the clock runs, even if price doesn't move. It is strongest into expiry, which is why hedges get unwound on quiet Friday tapes.

charm flipThe price where dealer hedging from time passing changes sign — from forcing a buy to forcing a sell, or the other way. It is a boundary in the clock-decay of the book, not a support or resistance level.

vanna flipThe price where vol-change hedge flow changes sign. On one side a vol drop forces a buy (absorb); on the other, a sell (amplify). A boundary, not a wall.

amplifierA strike near price where conventional dealer gamma is most negative. Under the usual assumption that dealers are short there, hedging would amplify a move through it. We cannot see who is actually short — VolSignals reserved "test" for a measured MM short, which we do not have.

absorberA strike near price where conventional dealer gamma is most positive. Under the usual assumption that dealers are long there, hedging would fade a move through it. If the convention is wrong, it amplifies instead.

late-day gammaThe same open-interest book repriced with less time left (15:45 ET, or 15 minutes before expiry). It is the honest substitute for VolSignals' late red 0DTE pockets: gamma growing as the clock runs down on standing OI. Same-morning listings with oi=0 still cannot appear. Not a forecast of trades or of price.

path efficiencyHow much of a session's total travel became net progress: the close-to-open move divided by the high-to-low range. Near 1 the tape went one way and stayed — a blast. Near 0 it covered ground and ended where it started — jagged broken shards.

support and resistanceLevels where something is expected to slow or turn price — resistance above it, support below. On this page they are strikes where dealer hedging CONCENTRATES, which is a statement about where the option book is heavy, not a promise that price stops there. Measured on our own sessions, these levels held no better than an arbitrary level the same distance away.

dealer sideWhether market-makers are long or short the options at a strike. It decides everything: long the calls, they sell into a rally and the strike acts as a brake; short the calls, they buy into the same rally and it acts as an accelerant. Gamma exposure cannot observe this — it infers it from a convention about who usually buys and who usually sells, and when that convention is wrong the level does the opposite of what it is labelled.

regime boundaryA level that separates two different dealer BEHAVIOURS rather than one that blocks price. Above it hedging leans against moves and damps them; below it hedging leans with moves and amplifies them. Crossing it changes how the tape behaves, which is not the same thing as being repelled by it.

magnet levelA level price tends to gravitate toward rather than bounce off — the opposite of a barrier. The gamma centre of mass is one: hedging flow pulls price back toward it, which is why a market pinned on it goes quiet.

0DTE volume (today's prints)How many same-day contracts traded today. It is ACTIVITY, not a position: OCC open interest for a strike listed this morning is still yesterday's zero until tonight's settlement. Counted on this page so the prints are visible, and never used as a weight on gamma, charm or vanna.

Plain-text mirror — the whole page as text, verdict first (what "Copy as text" hands over)

=== /gex — DEALER GAMMA REGIME · SPX ===
QUESTION: Is the market set up to BLAST in a direction, or chop in jagged broken shards?

VERDICT: SET UP TO CHOP IN JAGGED BROKEN SHARDS
Dealers are long gamma where price is trading, so hedging pushes AGAINST moves.
JAGGED, BROKEN-SHARD CONFIGURATION, AND A DURABLE ONE. Dealers are long gamma right where price
is trading and price is sitting on the gamma centre of mass, so hedging pushes against every
move and the book pulls back toward this strike. Little of this gamma expires today, so the
damping configuration carries forward into the sessions ahead rather than resetting at the
close.

DIRECTIONAL LEAN: NONE
NO DIRECTIONAL LEAN. Dealer gamma describes the SHAPE of the path — how big and how jagged —
not which way it points. The asymmetries that could carry a lean (which wall is closer, where
the centre of mass sits, vanna, charm) do not agree strongly enough here to name a side, and on
this stack none of them beat simply counting how often sessions close up.

-- DOES THE OPTION BOOK CALM OR AMPLIFY THIS MOVE? (regime curve, forward book) --
at spot the book is CALMING moves (dealers long gamma — hedging leans AGAINST the tape, a shock-absorber).
dealer gamma at spot: +$5.50B per 1% move.
flip (regime boundary): 7,708.65, 0.13% below spot 7,718.60.
MODELLED, NOT MEASURED. Each contract is repriced with Black-Scholes gamma while its
implied vol and days-to-expiry are held FIXED and spot is hypothetically moved (a
sticky-strike assumption); r=0; same-day options are floored to 1 day of time so their
gamma stays finite (they are removed entirely on the forward book); the contract universe
is identical to the per-strike chart (+/-15% of spot, nearest 6 expiries); OI-weighted,
never volume; calls +1, puts -1, netted per contract.

-- WHAT TIME AND VOL FORCE DEALERS TO DO (same signed book, forward book) --
as of 2026-09-04T20:23:01+00:00 · remaining time to the banked texp instant, 5-minute floor · source: gamma/data/chain x-block + header texp/rate/q; OI-only; never volume
CHARM at spot: -$1,486.35B dollar-delta per year = -$4.07B per calendar day.
Time passing is forcing dealers to BUY the underlying to stay hedged (they are decaying
into a shorter delta). Under the usual dealer-side convention only — if the convention
is wrong, they sell instead.
of which 0DTE — / rest -$1,486.35B (0 same-day contracts).
charm flip (where time-decay hedge flow changes sign): 7,845.72, 1.65% from spot.
VANNA at spot: +$481.52B dollar-delta per 1.00 vol = +$4.82B per vol-point.
If implied vol FALLS 1 point, dealers would have to BUY the underlying to stay hedged (and
SELL if vol rises). Under the usual dealer-side convention only.
chain's own xcharm/xvanna (not fused; archive 12h floor): -$1,486.35B / +$481.52B
LATE-DAY GAMMA absent: this snapshot is already past 15:45 ET (or past 15 minutes before expiry) — a late-day reprice is not invented from a later clock
CONVENTIONAL AMPLIFIERS / ABSORBERS (most-negative / most-positive dollar-gamma inside ±2% of price). Not VolSignals tests — we cannot see who is actually short.
amplifier 1 7,650.00 -0.89% -$1.50B per 1% 6,405 net contracts
amplifier 2 7,675.00 -0.56% -$1.16B per 1% 4,618 net contracts
amplifier 3 7,600.00 -1.54% -$1.07B per 1% 7,681 net contracts
absorber 1 7,825.00 +1.38% +$3.03B per 1% 31,928 net contracts
absorber 2 7,800.00 +1.05% +$1.82B per 1% 12,420 net contracts
absorber 3 7,750.00 +0.41% +$1.71B per 1% 3,302 net contracts
0DTE ACTIVITY (not a position): in-band 3,010,083 contracts of volume across 530 listed lines; 13 lines still report OI 0 with volume > 0. Never used as a weight.
including outside the ±15% band: 3,013,171 contracts, 16 oi=0-with-volume lines.
! WHICH SIDE ARE DEALERS ACTUALLY ON? These greeks cannot see it. Every sign here infers
dealers long calls and short puts. When customers have been BUYING calls, dealers are
short them and a "long" line is actually a short — the absorb/amplify label flips.
Nothing on this page confirms the direction. VolSignals, 2026-08-31: 20 of 36 SPX 0DTE
lines over 300 contracts carried the opposite sign under this convention.
! These numbers are not an input to verdict.regime / decay / pin / lean.
MODELLED, NOT MEASURED. Same signed book as the per-strike GEX chart (±15% of spot,
nearest 6 expiries, OI-only, never volume). Time remaining is the clock to the banked
expiry instant, not a 1-day floor — so 0DTE gamma and charm into the close are visible
here and hidden on the regime curve above (that curve keeps the 1-day floor so it stays
comparable to the banked history). The late-day gamma slice is the SAME open-interest book
with less time left — not a forecast of trades or of price. 0DTE contracts with oi=0 do
not appear. The dealer-side sign is the usual convention (customers sell calls / buy puts)
and is often wrong; VolSignals showed 20 of 36 large 0DTE lines carrying the wrong sign
under it. Read the NUMBERS as concentrations; read the DIRECTION as an assumption.

-- THE RANGE THE OPTION MARKET IS CHARGING FOR --
daily breakeven 0.35% (front at-the-money implied vol 5.63% (expiry 2026-09-08) / sqrt(252))
gamma-conditional range median 0.73%, middle half 0.57% to 0.91% (quintile 4 of banked history, n=26)
NOTE: shown for completeness. Part B found the gamma reading adds nothing to the breakeven above.
wall-to-wall corridor 2.27% (put wall 7,650.00 to call wall 7,825.00)
last session delivered 0.52% (5-min sampled) = 1.46x the breakeven
! THIS READING SPANS A WEEKEND. The breakeven divides by sqrt(252) TRADING days, but the next
session carries three calendar days of risk. Measured on the banked data, a Friday reading
is followed by a range 1.50x the breakeven versus about 1.01x on other weekdays — so treat
the figure above as understated here.

-- OVERNIGHT: ES AGAINST THE FROZEN WALLS --
ES is essentially flat since the cash close, which puts SPX at about 7,718.85. That sits
1.38% below the call wall at 7,825.00 and 0.89% above the put wall at 7,650.00. The wall
levels themselves are frozen from the last session's settled open interest and do not move
until the next session settles.

E-mini S&P 500 (ESU6) 7,716.75 315s old
as SPX-equivalent 7,718.85 (+0.00% since the cash close at 7,718.60)
vs frozen call wall 7,825.00 price is 1.38% below it
vs frozen put wall 7,650.00 price is 0.89% above it
vs frozen gamma centre 7,705.91 price is 0.17% above it
vs frozen zero-gamma cross 7,800.00 price is 1.05% below it

CONVERSION: ES shown as SPX-equivalent: ES now 7,716.75, ES at the Fri close 7,716.50, so 7,718.60 x
(7,716.75 / 7,716.50) = 7,718.85. The move in the future since the cash close, applied
to SPX's price at that close — the basis and the index/ETF ratio cancel out, so no
ratio is estimated.
SCALE: shared — the overlay is in the same units as the wall levels
! The wall levels and the futures price are deliberately from DIFFERENT CLOCKS. Wall levels
come from settled open interest, which the clearing house publishes overnight and does not
revise during a session — so a wall is a constant until the next settlement, not a stale
reading. Futures trade around the clock. Comparing the two is what shows whether price is
drifting toward or away from the level while the cash market is shut.
! Overnight futures liquidity is far thinner than the regular session. A wall approached at
03:00 on light volume is not the same event as one approached at 14:00, and neither this
page nor the dealer hedging behind the wall treats it as one.
measured: overnight bars average 1,166 contracts per 5 minutes against 13,154 in the regular session (8.9%).
! The dealer hedging that would enforce a wall is largely NOT ACTIVE while the cash market
is shut, so an overnight approach to a level is not the same event as a daytime one. The
caveat about which side dealers are actually on applies here more strongly, not less.
! This overlay adds no predictive power, and this app measured that: when price reached the
call wall it closed back below only 37.2% of the time against 38.0% for an arbitrary level
the same distance away. The overlay shows WHERE price is relative to a frozen level,
nothing more.

-- MAJOR SUPPORT & RESISTANCE (forward book) --
These are where dealer hedging CONCENTRATES. They are not levels price is obliged to
respect: a big enough directional move overwhelms even a massive wall of gamma.
MEASURED: reaching the call wall, price closed back below it 39.4% of the time (n=282);
the put wall held 43.1% of 195. Neither beat a level the same distance away
with no gamma in it, so these rows are ranked by concentration, not reliability.

7,900.00 +181.40 pts +2.35% RESISTANCE secondary call concentration (3rd largest) 1.9% of book 10,440 net contracts
A further band of call hedging above price, lighter than the wall but closer to the
tape than the numbers alone suggest. The same mechanics apply, at smaller size.
7,825.00 +106.40 pts +1.38% RESISTANCE call wall (largest) 5.7% of book 31,928 net contracts
The heaviest call hedging overhead. On the usual assumption that dealers are LONG
these calls, staying hedged means selling into rallies as price approaches — which
is what would slow a move here.
7,800.00 +81.40 pts +1.05% RESISTANCE secondary call concentration (2nd largest) 2.2% of book 12,420 net contracts
A further band of call hedging above price, lighter than the wall but closer to the
tape than the numbers alone suggest. The same mechanics apply, at smaller size.
7,718.60 <<<< PRICE IS HERE
7,550.00 -168.60 pts -2.18% SUPPORT secondary put concentration (3rd largest) 2.5% of book 14,023 net contracts
A further band of put hedging below price, lighter than the wall. The same mechanics
apply, at smaller size.
7,500.00 -218.60 pts -2.83% SUPPORT secondary put concentration (2nd largest) 3.1% of book 17,480 net contracts
A further band of put hedging below price, lighter than the wall. The same mechanics
apply, at smaller size.
6,800.00 -918.60 pts -11.90% SUPPORT put wall (largest) 3.5% of book 19,706 net contracts
The heaviest put hedging below. On the usual assumption that dealers are SHORT these
puts, staying hedged means buying as price falls toward it — which is what would
cushion a move here.

7,800.00 +1.05% REGIME BOUNDARY — not support, not resistance
The strike where the running total of dealer gamma changes sign. Above it dealer
hedging leans against moves and damps them; below it hedging leans with moves and
amplifies them. It is a boundary between two behaviours, NOT a level price is repelled
by — and this page reads the live regime from the gamma right around spot rather
than from this level, because spot-versus-flip is much weaker than it is usually
treated as.
7,705.91 -0.16% MAGNET — the opposite of a barrier
The gamma-weighted centre of the book: the level hedging flow pulls price TOWARD,
rather than a level that pushes price away. Price sitting on it is the pinned
configuration.

! WHICH SIDE ARE DEALERS ACTUALLY ON? This is the one thing gamma exposure cannot see, and
it decides whether a wall brakes or accelerates. Every number here INFERS it from a
convention — that customers sell calls and buy puts, so dealers end up long calls and
short puts, which is what makes a call wall behave like a ceiling. When that convention is
wrong the sign flips with it: if customers are BUYING calls, dealers are SHORT them, and
staying hedged means buying INTO a rally through the same strike — the level becomes an
accelerant instead of a brake. On the book these levels are drawn from, 29.3% of the gross
gamma sits at the front expiry — the short-dated, retail-facing end of the chain, where
that assumption is least safe. Nothing on this page can confirm the direction, so read the
labels as where hedging is concentrated, not as which way it will push.
ranked by: netted contract count at the strike (call open interest minus put open interest), as a
share of the netted contracts across the whole band

-- LEVELS (forward book) --
The session has closed, so the same-day contracts in the final snapshot are already dead. This verdict is built on the FORWARD book — the gamma that still exists for the next session.
spot 7,718.60 as of 2026-09-04T20:23:01+00:00 (post_close)
net gamma in +/-1% band +$7.97B across 31 strikes [THE REGIME MEASURE]
= 40% of the gross gamma in that band, netting LONG (flat below 20%)
net dealer gamma at the single nearest strike +$252.4M at 7,720.00
whole-book gamma +$7.77B
call wall 7,825.00 (1.38% above) put wall 7,650.00 (0.89% below)
walls by CONTRACT COUNT call 7,825.00 put 6,800.00 [the stable read]
gamma centre of mass 7,705.91 (-0.16% from spot) zero-gamma cross 7,800.00
NOTE: the zero-gamma cross is a LEVEL, not the regime boundary. The regime above is read from the NET GAMMA IN THE +/-1% BAND around spot.

-- HOW FAST THIS REGIME DECAYS --
29.3% — share of the FORWARD book's gross gamma sitting at its front expiry (2026-09-08) [drives the 'slow decay' in the verdict; fast at 50%]
57.4% of the gross gamma on the SESSION book expired at 2026-09-04's close
103% of the at-spot gamma disappeared with that expiry (-$8.29B on the session book -> +$252.4M on the forward book)

-- WHERE THIS SITS VERSUS ITS OWN BANKED HISTORY --
net dealer gamma at spot 77.9 percentile
Dealer gamma at spot is positive and high versus its own history. Dealers carry a long-gamma
book right where price is, so staying hedged means selling strength and buying weakness —
the flow that compresses ranges and turns breakouts back.
share of the book at the front expiry 29.3 % of the book
The share of gamma at the front expiry is unremarkable for this book. A meaningful slice
resets when it expires and the rest carries forward.
room between the walls 17.6 percentile
The walls are closer together than usual. The corridor of concentrated hedging around spot
is tight.
distance to the zero-gamma cross 17.9 percentile
Spot is closer to the zero-gamma cross than usual. The strike where the running total
changes sign is within easy reach of where price is trading.
last session delivered vs what options charged 90.6 percentile
The tape delivered more movement than the option market charged for. Realised volatility ran
ahead of what was priced.

-- PART B: THIS APP MEASURING ITS OWN CLAIM --
THESIS HELD: NO
NOT ESTABLISHED. Dealer gamma tracks the volatility regime, but it did not beat what the
option market had already priced.
- RAW, the thesis looks right: the most negative-gamma quintile was followed by a 1.79%
median range and the most positive by 1.56% (pooled rho -0.083, p=0.0076).
- CONTROLLED, it disappears. Measure the same range in units of what options charged for it
(range / IV breakeven) and the relationship is rho 0.038, p=0.22 — nothing.
Negative-gamma sessions ARE high-implied-vol sessions: median breakeven fell from 1.66% in
the short-gamma quintile to 1.38% in the long-gamma quintile. Gamma was reading the
thermometer, not adding to it.
- The BLAST-vs-SHARDS part specifically shows nothing: path efficiency (how much of the
day's travel became net progress) against gamma is rho -0.016, p=0.60.
- The FAILED-BREAKOUT prediction runs the wrong way. Long dealer gamma is supposed to
produce MORE failed breakouts; measured, long gamma faded 33.1% of breakout attempts and
short gamma faded 34.3%.
- No directional signal beat the base rate: 53.0% of next sessions closed up, and not one of
the four asymmetries did better.
+ ONE reading did keep a signal after the calendar was removed, and it is the DECAY RATE
rather than the level: the 0DTE share of gamma. Ranked inside each (root x weekday) cell
— which removes the weekday effect completely, not just its linear part — a higher
0DTE share went with the next session realising MORE range than options had charged for:
pooled rho 0.087 (n=910 across 35 cells), and POSITIVE on all 7 roots tested. It is called
SUGGESTIVE and not established, for three reasons: only 0 of 7 roots reach significance on
their own, the pooled p-value is overstated because the roots share market days, and the
sample is five months of one year.

QUINTILES OF DEALER GAMMA AT SPOT -> WHAT THE NEXT SESSION DID (pooled, within-root cuts)
Q n next range middle half breakeven ratio path eff failed breakouts
1 216 1.79% 1.09-2.90% 1.66% 1.07 0.467 34.0% of 191
2 208 1.78% 1.23-2.56% 1.78% 1.00 0.476 32.6% of 181
3 200 1.86% 1.16-2.79% 1.75% 1.04 0.438 34.7% of 190
4 208 1.71% 1.01-2.65% 1.52% 1.09 0.509 29.8% of 191
5 208 1.56% 0.91-2.36% 1.38% 1.09 0.432 36.8% of 182
Q1 = most NEGATIVE dealer gamma (blast end) Q5 = most POSITIVE (jagged/pinned end)
! POOLED SIGNIFICANCE IS OVERSTATED. The roots share the same market days and SPY/SPX/QQQ are
close to the same trade, so a pooled n is not that many independent observations — the
effective n is nearer the per-root session count.
! SPXW is excluded from every pooled set: same underlying as SPX, so its outcome rows are
duplicates.
! THE WEEKEND ARTEFACT. breakeven divides by sqrt(252) TRADING days, so a Friday reading is
compared against a Monday session carrying three calendar days of risk. Measured below as
friday_artefact. Friday rows carry weekend_span=true.
! 2026 only. The OI-weighted gamma archive starts 2026-03-02 (the OCC open-interest purchase
window), so there is no multi-year sample and no other market regime in it.
! This measures ASSOCIATION on banked sessions. It is not a trading result and carries no
costs, slippage or capacity.
! DIFFERENT CONSTRUCTION FROM THE LIVE READ. These hit rates are measured on the DAILY
DOLLAR-GEX AGGREGATE, because that is the only per-session gamma that exists back through
2026-02. The live panel on this page is built on per-strike NETTED CONTRACT COUNTS from the
5-minute chain recorder, which only starts 2026-08-05. Dollar gamma at a strike explodes as
spot approaches it and collapses as it leaves, so the aggregate is exactly the weaker
construction — this table does not validate the live measure exactly, and it is not
claimed to.

-- HOW FRESH, AND WHAT IS STALE BY DESIGN --
options chain 2026-09-04T20:23:01+00:00 expected every 5m [held at the last regular-hours reading — correct once the market closes, not a failure]
profile build 2026-09-04T21:50:59Z expected every 10m [held at the last regular-hours reading — correct once the market closes, not a failure]
open interest 2026-09-04 expected every 1d [settled once overnight — a day behind by market structure, not by neglect]
daily history 2026-09-04 expected every 1d [settled once overnight — a day behind by market structure, not by neglect]
ES futures 2026-09-07T03:45:00+00:00 expected every 5m
bull/bear archive 2026-09-04 expected every 1d [settled once overnight — a day behind by market structure, not by neglect]
server clock now 2026-09-07T03:50:15Z (skew baseline only — NEVER a data timestamp)
chain_day 2026-09-04
chain_asof 2026-09-04T20:23:01+00:00
chain_phase post_close
chain_built 2026-09-04T21:50:59Z
chain_cadence every 5 minutes in regular trading hours, plus a pre-open and a post-close bracket
open_interest PREVIOUS session, settled overnight by the clearing house. It does not move intraday — a market-structure fact, not a defect.
history_last 2026-09-04
history_gex_window from 2026-03-02 (the OCC open-interest purchase); continues past 2026-08-04 from the live chain recorder rather than ending there
validation_built 2026-09-06T09:20:03Z
open-interest census 2646 known, 0 MISSING (excluded, never zeroed), 574 genuine zeros

-- STANDING CAUTION --
Gamma is not destiny. A large enough directional move overwhelms even a very big wall of dealer
gamma — the hedging flow described here is one force among several, and it is the one that
gets run over when something bigger arrives. Everything on this page describes how the option
book is positioned; none of it is a statement about what price does next.

generated 2026-09-07T03:50:15Z · full JSON: /apps2/gex/api.php?sym=SPX&full=1

Machine-readable chart state — copyable ASCII of what the canvases draw (hidden on load)

JSON — the same object this page renders from

{
    "ok": true,
    "sym": "SPX",
    "symbols": [
        "SPY",
        "QQQ",
        "IWM",
        "SPX",
        "AAPL",
        "MSFT",
        "NVDA",
        "TSLA",
        "VIX"
    ],
    "generated_utc": "2026-09-07T03:50:15Z",
    "question": "Is the market set up to BLAST in a direction, or chop in jagged broken shards?",
    "pctl_basis": {
        "local_gamma": "percentile against this root's own banked daily history \u2014 ORIENTATION ONLY, because the banked series is the daily dollar aggregate and the live figure is per-strike from the 5-minute recorder",
        "zdte_share": "the share itself (0-100), not a percentile",
        "wall_room": "percentile against this root's own banked wall spans",
        "flip_dist": "percentile against this root's own banked distances",
        "paid_vs_realised": "percentile against every banked session's own realised-range-over-breakeven ratio"
    },
    "range": {
        "breakeven_pct": 0.35440403868597337,
        "breakeven_from": "front at-the-money implied vol 5.63% (expiry 2026-09-08) / sqrt(252)",
        "breakeven_note": "the one-day move the option market is charging for. Part B found this is the figure that carries the information; the gamma reading did not add to it.",
        "gamma_conditional": {
            "q": 4,
            "n": 26,
            "median": 0.7331,
            "p25": 0.5745,
            "p75": 0.9133,
            "basis": "sessions whose banked at-spot gamma fell in the same quintile as this reading"
        },
        "wall_span_pct": 2.26725053766227,
        "last_session_sampled_pct": 0.5174513512813153,
        "paid_vs_realised": 1.4600605376842593,
        "weekend_caveat": "THIS READING SPANS A WEEKEND. The breakeven divides by sqrt(252) TRADING days, but the next session carries three calendar days of risk. Measured on the banked data, a Friday reading is followed by a range 1.50x the breakeven versus about 1.01x on other weekdays \u2014 so treat the figure above as understated here."
    },
    "verdict": {
        "book": "forward",
        "book_note": "The session has closed, so the same-day contracts in the final snapshot are already dead. This verdict is built on the FORWARD book \u2014 the gamma that still exists for the next session.",
        "regime": "long",
        "decay": "slow",
        "pin": "at",
        "lean": "none",
        "regime_from": "net dealer gamma inside +/-1% of spot, as a share of the gross gamma in that band",
        "regime_net_share": 0.40234745003269407,
        "decay_from": "share of the FORWARD book's gross gamma sitting at its front expiry (2026-09-08)",
        "decay_share": 0.29329826517400875,
        "cuts": {
            "flat_net_share_below": 0.2,
            "fast_decay_at": 0.5,
            "pin_within_pct": 0.25,
            "lean_needs_pct": 0.15
        }
    },
    "levels": {
        "spot": 7718.6,
        "as_of": "2026-09-04T20:23:01+00:00",
        "phase": "post_close",
        "local_gamma_at_spot": 252417049.20215857,
        "local_strike": 7720,
        "local_band_1pct": 7965317284.898957,
        "local_band_n": 31,
        "local_band_pct": 1,
        "local_band_widened": false,
        "local_band_thin": false,
        "call_wall_book": 7825,
        "put_wall_book": 7650,
        "total_gex": 7767516882.291515,
        "total_gex_x": 476758707.6253862,
        "call_wall": 7825,
        "put_wall": 7650,
        "call_wall_contracts": 7825,
        "put_wall_contracts": 6800,
        "gamma_center": 7705.91234829171,
        "gamma_flip": 7800,
        "room_up_pct": 1.3784883268986556,
        "room_down_pct": 0.8887622107636146,
        "centre_offset_pct": -0.16437762947024206,
        "zdte_gamma_share": 0.5739192251595129,
        "session_book_total_gex": -7248637034.918661,
        "session_book_local": -8290269937.009805,
        "decay_of_local": 1.0304473860465395
    },
    "pctl": {
        "local_gamma": 77.9,
        "zdte_share": 29.3,
        "wall_room": 17.6,
        "flip_dist": 17.9,
        "paid_vs_realised": 90.6
    },
    "indices": [
        {
            "key": "spx",
            "label": "S&P 500",
            "unit": "percent change from the cash close",
            "anchor_ts": 1788553381,
            "anchor_value": 7718.6,
            "cash_note": "SPX cash from the 5-minute chain recorder",
            "futures_product": "ES",
            "futures_ticker": "ESU6",
            "handoff_ts": 1788553500,
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            "now_pct": 0.0032,
            "now_ts": 1788752700,
            "n_cash": 80,
            "n_total": 157
        },
        {
            "key": "nas100",
            "label": "NAS100",
            "unit": "percent change from the cash close",
            "anchor_ts": 1788553381,
            "anchor_value": 718.1,
            "cash_note": "QQQ cash from the 5-minute chain recorder, used as the NAS100 proxy \u2014 we bank QQQ per snapshot, not NDX",
            "futures_product": "NQ",
            "futures_ticker": "NQU6",
            "handoff_ts": 1788553500,
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            ],
            "now_pct": 0.2336,
            "now_ts": 1788752700,
            "n_cash": 80,
            "n_total": 157
        }
    ],
    "indices_note": "SPX and NAS100 are drawn as PERCENT CHANGE SINCE THE CASH CLOSE, not in their own points. That keeps them on a single shared axis, keeps their numbers away from this symbol's price scale, and makes the two directly comparable with each other \u2014 which is the reason to show both. They are market context and appear on every symbol; the price line's pairing to a specific future is a separate and stricter rule. Each index runs on its own cash prints up to the close and on its front future after it, with both legs divided by their own value at the anchor, so the handoff is continuous and the basis never shows up as a jump.",
    "futures": {
        "product": "ES",
        "name": "E-mini S&P 500",
        "ticker": "ESU6",
        "root": "SPX",
        "anchor": {
            "ts": 1788553200,
            "iso": "2026-09-04T20:20:00+00:00",
            "future_close": 7716.5,
            "root_spot": 7718.6
        },
        "now": {
            "ts": 1788752700,
            "iso": "2026-09-07T03:45:00+00:00",
            "future_close": 7716.75,
            "root_equivalent": 7718.8501,
            "age_s": 315
        },
        "chg_pct": 0.0032,
        "series": [
            [
                1788553200,
                7718.6
            ],
            [
                1788553500,
                7718.3499
            ],
            [
                1788553800,
                7716.8495
            ],
            [
                1788554100,
                7716.5995
            ],
            [
                1788554400,
                7717.8498
            ],
            [
                1788554700,
                7717.0996
            ],
            [
                1788555000,
                7718.6
            ],
            [
                1788555300,
                7717.0996
            ],
            [
                1788732000,
                7723.6014
            ],
            [
                1788732300,
                7723.6014
            ],
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                7723.8514
            ],
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                7723.6014
            ],
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                7723.8514
            ],
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                7723.3513
            ],
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                7723.6014
            ],
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                7724.1015
            ],
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                7723.8514
            ],
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                7724.1015
            ],
            [
                1788735000,
                7724.6016
            ],
            [
                1788735300,
                7724.1015
            ],
            [
                1788735600,
                7724.3516
            ],
            [
                1788735900,
                7723.6014
            ],
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                7723.3513
            ],
            [
                1788736500,
                7723.8514
            ],
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                7722.6011
            ],
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                7722.101
            ],
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                1788737400,
                7721.1007
            ],
            [
                1788737700,
                7723.6014
            ],
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                7724.1015
            ],
            [
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                7724.1015
            ],
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                7723.3513
            ],
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                1788738900,
                7722.101
            ],
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                7720.8506
            ],
            [
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                7723.6014
            ],
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                1788739800,
                7723.8514
            ],
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                7722.101
            ],
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                1788740400,
                7720.6005
            ],
            [
                1788740700,
                7720.3505
            ],
            [
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                7719.6003
            ],
            [
                1788741300,
                7719.1001
            ],
            [
                1788741600,
                7720.8506
            ],
            [
                1788741900,
                7721.6008
            ],
            [
                1788742200,
                7720.8506
            ],
            [
                1788742500,
                7718.8501
            ],
            [
                1788742800,
                7721.6008
            ],
            [
                1788743100,
                7717.8498
            ],
            [
                1788743400,
                7718.6
            ],
            [
                1788743700,
                7718.0999
            ],
            [
                1788744000,
                7719.1001
            ],
            [
                1788744300,
                7721.8509
            ],
            [
                1788744600,
                7722.6011
            ],
            [
                1788744900,
                7723.1012
            ],
            [
                1788745200,
                7722.101
            ],
            [
                1788745500,
                7721.8509
            ],
            [
                1788745800,
                7722.101
            ],
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                7722.351
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                7721.1007
            ],
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                7721.8509
            ],
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            ],
            [
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            ],
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            ],
            [
                1788747900,
                7721.1007
            ],
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                7722.8512
            ],
            [
                1788748500,
                7723.6014
            ],
            [
                1788748800,
                7722.6011
            ],
            [
                1788749100,
                7722.6011
            ],
            [
                1788749400,
                7720.1004
            ],
            [
                1788749700,
                7718.3499
            ],
            [
                1788750000,
                7717.5997
            ],
            [
                1788750300,
                7716.8495
            ],
            [
                1788750600,
                7716.0993
            ],
            [
                1788750900,
                7716.5995
            ],
            [
                1788751200,
                7718.0999
            ],
            [
                1788751500,
                7719.3502
            ],
            [
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            ],
            [
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            ],
            [
                1788752400,
                7717.8498
            ],
            [
                1788752700,
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        ],
        "conversion": "ES shown as SPX-equivalent: ES now 7,716.75, ES at the Fri close 7,716.50, so 7,718.60 x (7,716.75 / 7,716.50) = 7,718.85. The move in the future since the cash close, applied to SPX's price at that close \u2014 the basis and the index/ETF ratio cancel out, so no ratio is estimated.",
        "scale": "shared \u2014 the overlay is in the same units as the wall levels",
        "liquidity": {
            "rth_avg_vol_per_5min": 13154,
            "overnight_avg_vol_per_5min": 1166,
            "overnight_share": 0.089,
            "note": "Overnight futures liquidity is far thinner than the regular session. A wall approached at 03:00 on light volume is not the same event as one approached at 14:00, and neither this page nor the dealer hedging behind the wall treats it as one."
        },
        "vs_levels": {
            "call_wall": {
                "level": 7825,
                "label": "call wall",
                "dist_pct": 1.375,
                "side": "below"
            },
            "put_wall": {
                "level": 7650,
                "label": "put wall",
                "dist_pct": -0.892,
                "side": "above"
            },
            "gamma_center": {
                "level": 7705.91234829171,
                "label": "gamma centre",
                "dist_pct": -0.168,
                "side": "above"
            },
            "gamma_flip": {
                "level": 7800,
                "label": "zero-gamma cross",
                "dist_pct": 1.051,
                "side": "below"
            }
        },
        "reading": "ES is essentially flat since the cash close, which puts SPX at about 7,718.85. That sits 1.38% below the call wall at 7,825.00 and 0.89% above the put wall at 7,650.00. The wall levels themselves are frozen from the last session's settled open interest and do not move until the next session settles.",
        "why_mixed_vintage": "The wall levels and the futures price are deliberately from DIFFERENT CLOCKS. Wall levels come from settled open interest, which the clearing house publishes overnight and does not revise during a session \u2014 so a wall is a constant until the next settlement, not a stale reading. Futures trade around the clock. Comparing the two is what shows whether price is drifting toward or away from the level while the cash market is shut.",
        "hedging_is_not_active": "The dealer hedging that would enforce a wall is largely NOT ACTIVE while the cash market is shut, so an overnight approach to a level is not the same event as a daytime one. The caveat about which side dealers are actually on applies here more strongly, not less.",
        "no_predictive_claim": "This overlay adds no predictive power, and this app measured that: when price reached the call wall it closed back below only 37.2% of the time against 38.0% for an arbitrary level the same distance away. The overlay shows WHERE price is relative to a frozen level, nothing more."
    },
    "ladder": {
        "spot": 7718.6,
        "resistance": [
            {
                "level": 7900,
                "side": "resistance",
                "rank": "3rd largest",
                "is_headline_wall": false,
                "is_dollar_gamma_wall": false,
                "kind": "secondary call concentration",
                "dist_pts": 181.4,
                "dist_pct": 2.35,
                "net_contracts": 10440,
                "call_contracts": 10804,
                "put_contracts": 364,
                "share_of_book": 0.0187,
                "gex": 236831216.92283747,
                "call_heavy": true,
                "does": "A further band of call hedging above price, lighter than the wall but closer to the tape than the numbers alone suggest. The same mechanics apply, at smaller size."
            },
            {
                "level": 7825,
                "side": "resistance",
                "rank": "largest",
                "is_headline_wall": true,
                "is_dollar_gamma_wall": true,
                "kind": "call wall",
                "dist_pts": 106.4,
                "dist_pct": 1.378,
                "net_contracts": 31928,
                "call_contracts": 32197,
                "put_contracts": 269,
                "share_of_book": 0.0572,
                "gex": 3034455363.3916335,
                "call_heavy": true,
                "does": "The heaviest call hedging overhead. On the usual assumption that dealers are LONG these calls, staying hedged means selling into rallies as price approaches \u2014 which is what would slow a move here."
            },
            {
                "level": 7800,
                "side": "resistance",
                "rank": "2nd largest",
                "is_headline_wall": false,
                "is_dollar_gamma_wall": false,
                "kind": "secondary call concentration",
                "dist_pts": 81.4,
                "dist_pct": 1.055,
                "net_contracts": 12420,
                "call_contracts": 14828,
                "put_contracts": 2408,
                "share_of_book": 0.0222,
                "gex": 1817320524.9052048,
                "call_heavy": true,
                "does": "A further band of call hedging above price, lighter than the wall but closer to the tape than the numbers alone suggest. The same mechanics apply, at smaller size."
            }
        ],
        "support": [
            {
                "level": 7550,
                "side": "support",
                "rank": "3rd largest",
                "is_headline_wall": false,
                "is_dollar_gamma_wall": false,
                "kind": "secondary put concentration",
                "dist_pts": -168.6,
                "dist_pct": -2.184,
                "net_contracts": -14023,
                "call_contracts": 426,
                "put_contracts": 14449,
                "share_of_book": 0.0251,
                "gex": -793845694.9950274,
                "call_heavy": false,
                "does": "A further band of put hedging below price, lighter than the wall. The same mechanics apply, at smaller size."
            },
            {
                "level": 7500,
                "side": "support",
                "rank": "2nd largest",
                "is_headline_wall": false,
                "is_dollar_gamma_wall": false,
                "kind": "secondary put concentration",
                "dist_pts": -218.6,
                "dist_pct": -2.832,
                "net_contracts": -17480,
                "call_contracts": 920,
                "put_contracts": 18400,
                "share_of_book": 0.0313,
                "gex": -814937140.0938731,
                "call_heavy": false,
                "does": "A further band of put hedging below price, lighter than the wall. The same mechanics apply, at smaller size."
            },
            {
                "level": 6800,
                "side": "support",
                "rank": "largest",
                "is_headline_wall": true,
                "is_dollar_gamma_wall": false,
                "kind": "put wall",
                "dist_pts": -918.6,
                "dist_pct": -11.901,
                "net_contracts": -19706,
                "call_contracts": 1,
                "put_contracts": 19707,
                "share_of_book": 0.0353,
                "gex": -35585080.73387199,
                "call_heavy": false,
                "does": "The heaviest put hedging below. On the usual assumption that dealers are SHORT these puts, staying hedged means buying as price falls toward it \u2014 which is what would cushion a move here."
            }
        ],
        "ranked_by": "netted contract count at the strike (call open interest minus put open interest), as a share of the netted contracts across the whole band",
        "regime_boundary": {
            "level": 7800,
            "dist_pts": 81.4,
            "dist_pct": 1.055,
            "label": "REGIME BOUNDARY \u2014 not support, not resistance",
            "means": "The strike where the running total of dealer gamma changes sign. Above it dealer hedging leans against moves and damps them; below it hedging leans with moves and amplifies them. It is a boundary between two behaviours, NOT a level price is repelled by \u2014 and this page reads the live regime from the gamma right around spot rather than from this level, because spot-versus-flip is much weaker than it is usually treated as."
        },
        "magnet": {
            "level": 7705.91234829171,
            "dist_pts": -12.69,
            "dist_pct": -0.164,
            "label": "MAGNET \u2014 the opposite of a barrier",
            "means": "The gamma-weighted centre of the book: the level hedging flow pulls price TOWARD, rather than a level that pushes price away. Price sitting on it is the pinned configuration."
        },
        "book": "forward",
        "qualifier": "These are where dealer hedging CONCENTRATES. They are not levels price is obliged to respect: a big enough directional move overwhelms even a massive wall of gamma.",
        "measured": {
            "headline": "MEASURED, THE WALLS DID NOT ACT AS SUPPORT OR RESISTANCE. When the tape actually reached the call wall it closed back below it only 39.4% of the time (n=282) \u2014 against 39.0% for a level placed the same distance away with no gamma in it at all (difference +0.4 points, p=0.94). The put wall held 43.1% of the 195 times price reached it, against a placebo of 41.5% (+1.6 points, p=0.70). Neither is distinguishable from an arbitrary level, and the call wall was BROKEN more often than it held.",
            "call_hold_rate": 0.3936,
            "call_n": 282,
            "put_hold_rate": 0.4308,
            "put_n": 195,
            "ranking_consequence": "So the ladder on the page CANNOT rank levels by a measured reliability, because no such reliability was found. It ranks them by raw concentration \u2014 how much of the book sits at that strike \u2014 and prints this null result beside the labels rather than implying a strength the data does not support."
        },
        "dealer_side_caveat": "WHICH SIDE ARE DEALERS ACTUALLY ON? This is the one thing gamma exposure cannot see, and it decides whether a wall brakes or accelerates. Every number here INFERS it from a convention \u2014 that customers sell calls and buy puts, so dealers end up long calls and short puts, which is what makes a call wall behave like a ceiling. When that convention is wrong the sign flips with it: if customers are BUYING calls, dealers are SHORT them, and staying hedged means buying INTO a rally through the same strike \u2014 the level becomes an accelerant instead of a brake. On the book these levels are drawn from, 29.3% of the gross gamma sits at the front expiry \u2014 the short-dated, retail-facing end of the chain, where that assumption is least safe. Nothing on this page can confirm the direction, so read the labels as where hedging is concentrated, not as which way it will push."
    },
    "regime": {
        "book": "forward",
        "has": true,
        "regime": "dampening",
        "at_spot": 5499517287,
        "flip": 7708.6544,
        "flip_side": "above",
        "flip_dist_pct": 0.129,
        "spot": 7718.6,
        "census": {
            "oi_used": 1379458,
            "oi_missing_iv": 0,
            "n_session": 2072,
            "n_forward": 1590,
            "n_0dte": 482,
            "n_rest": 1590
        },
        "assumptions": "MODELLED, NOT MEASURED. Each contract is repriced with Black-Scholes gamma while its implied vol and days-to-expiry are held FIXED and spot is hypothetically moved (a sticky-strike assumption); r=0; same-day options are floored to 1 day of time so their gamma stays finite (they are removed entirely on the forward book); the contract universe is identical to the per-strike chart (+/-15% of spot, nearest 6 expiries); OI-weighted, never volume; calls +1, puts -1, netted per contract.",
        "estimator": "Black-Scholes gamma from each contract's own implied vol \u2014 the same estimator family as this page's \"our own Black-Scholes solve\" figure (total_gex_x), never the vendor gamma and never fused with it."
    },
    "position_greeks": {
        "book": "forward",
        "has": true,
        "spot": 7718.6,
        "as_of": "2026-09-04T20:23:01+00:00",
        "src": "gamma/data/chain x-block + header texp/rate/q; OI-only; never volume",
        "T_floor_minutes": 5,
        "at_spot": {
            "gamma": 476759284,
            "gamma_0dte": null,
            "gamma_rest": 476759284,
            "charm": -1486349513863,
            "charm_per_day": -4069403186,
            "charm_0dte": null,
            "charm_rest": -1486349513863,
            "vanna": 481518385699,
            "vanna_per_volpt": 4815183857,
            "vanna_0dte": null,
            "vanna_rest": 481518385699,
            "charm_x": -1486349271585,
            "vanna_x": 481518358720
        },
        "hedge": {
            "charm": {
                "word": "buy",
                "per_day": -4069403186,
                "say": "Time passing is forcing dealers to BUY the underlying to stay hedged (they are decaying into a shorter delta). Under the usual dealer-side convention only \u2014 if the convention is wrong, they sell instead."
            },
            "vanna": {
                "word": "buy_if_iv_falls",
                "per_volpt": 4815183857,
                "say": "If implied vol FALLS 1 point, dealers would have to BUY the underlying to stay hedged (and SELL if vol rises). Under the usual dealer-side convention only."
            }
        },
        "charm_flip": 7845.7201,
        "charm_flip_dist_pct": 1.647,
        "charm_flip_side": "below",
        "vanna_flip": 7855.867,
        "vanna_flip_dist_pct": 1.778,
        "vanna_flip_side": "below",
        "n_contracts": 1347,
        "n_0dte": 0,
        "gamma_late": null,
        "gamma_late_0dte": null,
        "gamma_late_rest": null,
        "gamma_late_flip": null,
        "late_clock": {
            "late_ts": null,
            "late_iso": null,
            "why": "this snapshot is already past 15:45 ET (or past 15 minutes before expiry) \u2014 a late-day reprice is not invented from a later clock",
            "rule": "15:45 America/New_York, or 15 minutes before the front expiry instant, whichever is sooner"
        },
        "zero_dte_flow": {
            "is_position": false,
            "means": "Contracts traded TODAY in the same-day expiry. This is activity, not inventory. OCC open interest on a strike listed this morning is 0 all session; that 0 is real. Volume is never swapped in as a GEX weight.",
            "by_strike": [
                {
                    "k": 6575,
                    "call_vol": 1,
                    "put_vol": 3,
                    "vol": 4,
                    "call_oi": 1,
                    "put_oi": 2961,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6600,
                    "call_vol": 1,
                    "put_vol": 85,
                    "vol": 86,
                    "call_oi": 2,
                    "put_oi": 4878,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6625,
                    "call_vol": 2,
                    "put_vol": 21,
                    "vol": 23,
                    "call_oi": 1,
                    "put_oi": 164,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6650,
                    "call_vol": 2,
                    "put_vol": 2,
                    "vol": 4,
                    "call_oi": 1,
                    "put_oi": 760,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6675,
                    "call_vol": null,
                    "put_vol": 40,
                    "vol": 40,
                    "call_oi": 0,
                    "put_oi": 315,
                    "call_oi_zero": true,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": true,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6700,
                    "call_vol": 2,
                    "put_vol": 1972,
                    "vol": 1974,
                    "call_oi": 0,
                    "put_oi": 4808,
                    "call_oi_zero": true,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6720,
                    "call_vol": null,
                    "put_vol": null,
                    "vol": 0,
                    "call_oi": 0,
                    "put_oi": 0,
                    "call_oi_zero": true,
                    "put_oi_zero": true,
                    "call_vol_missing": true,
                    "put_vol_missing": true
                },
                {
                    "k": 6725,
                    "call_vol": 2,
                    "put_vol": 12,
                    "vol": 14,
                    "call_oi": 6,
                    "put_oi": 491,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6730,
                    "call_vol": null,
                    "put_vol": 993,
                    "vol": 993,
                    "call_oi": 0,
                    "put_oi": 998,
                    "call_oi_zero": true,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": true,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6740,
                    "call_vol": null,
                    "put_vol": 25,
                    "vol": 25,
                    "call_oi": 0,
                    "put_oi": 25,
                    "call_oi_zero": true,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": true,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6750,
                    "call_vol": null,
                    "put_vol": 350,
                    "vol": 350,
                    "call_oi": 0,
                    "put_oi": 2425,
                    "call_oi_zero": true,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": true,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6760,
                    "call_vol": null,
                    "put_vol": 60,
                    "vol": 60,
                    "call_oi": 100,
                    "put_oi": 60,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": true,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6770,
                    "call_vol": null,
                    "put_vol": 10,
                    "vol": 10,
                    "call_oi": 0,
                    "put_oi": 110,
                    "call_oi_zero": true,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": true,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6775,
                    "call_vol": 4,
                    "put_vol": 159,
                    "vol": 163,
                    "call_oi": 2,
                    "put_oi": 485,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6780,
                    "call_vol": 2,
                    "put_vol": 158,
                    "vol": 160,
                    "call_oi": 1,
                    "put_oi": 233,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6790,
                    "call_vol": 2,
                    "put_vol": 93,
                    "vol": 95,
                    "call_oi": 1,
                    "put_oi": 115,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6800,
                    "call_vol": 2,
                    "put_vol": 619,
                    "vol": 621,
                    "call_oi": 1,
                    "put_oi": 23387,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6810,
                    "call_vol": null,
                    "put_vol": 94,
                    "vol": 94,
                    "call_oi": 0,
                    "put_oi": 94,
                    "call_oi_zero": true,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": true,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6820,
                    "call_vol": 2,
                    "put_vol": 62,
                    "vol": 64,
                    "call_oi": 0,
                    "put_oi": 63,
                    "call_oi_zero": true,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6825,
                    "call_vol": null,
                    "put_vol": 209,
                    "vol": 209,
                    "call_oi": 0,
                    "put_oi": 1221,
                    "call_oi_zero": true,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": true,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6830,
                    "call_vol": 1,
                    "put_vol": 48,
                    "vol": 49,
                    "call_oi": 1,
                    "put_oi": 103,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6840,
                    "call_vol": 2,
                    "put_vol": 53,
                    "vol": 55,
                    "call_oi": 2,
                    "put_oi": 265,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6850,
                    "call_vol": 2,
                    "put_vol": 437,
                    "vol": 439,
                    "call_oi": 6,
                    "put_oi": 1236,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6860,
                    "call_vol": 2,
                    "put_vol": 191,
                    "vol": 193,
                    "call_oi": 0,
                    "put_oi": 223,
                    "call_oi_zero": true,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6870,
                    "call_vol": null,
                    "put_vol": 10,
                    "vol": 10,
                    "call_oi": 0,
                    "put_oi": 31,
                    "call_oi_zero": true,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": true,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6875,
                    "call_vol": 2,
                    "put_vol": 233,
                    "vol": 235,
                    "call_oi": 2,
                    "put_oi": 450,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6880,
                    "call_vol": 2,
                    "put_vol": 81,
                    "vol": 83,
                    "call_oi": 0,
                    "put_oi": 82,
                    "call_oi_zero": true,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6890,
                    "call_vol": 2,
                    "put_vol": 384,
                    "vol": 386,
                    "call_oi": 250,
                    "put_oi": 493,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6900,
                    "call_vol": 3,
                    "put_vol": 1399,
                    "vol": 1402,
                    "call_oi": 4,
                    "put_oi": 3096,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6910,
                    "call_vol": 2,
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                    "vol": 18,
                    "call_oi": 3,
                    "put_oi": 361,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6920,
                    "call_vol": 2,
                    "put_vol": 105,
                    "vol": 107,
                    "call_oi": 2,
                    "put_oi": 122,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6925,
                    "call_vol": 2,
                    "put_vol": 75,
                    "vol": 77,
                    "call_oi": 0,
                    "put_oi": 193,
                    "call_oi_zero": true,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6930,
                    "call_vol": 2,
                    "put_vol": 104,
                    "vol": 106,
                    "call_oi": 3,
                    "put_oi": 214,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6940,
                    "call_vol": 2,
                    "put_vol": 31,
                    "vol": 33,
                    "call_oi": 1,
                    "put_oi": 187,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6950,
                    "call_vol": 2,
                    "put_vol": 262,
                    "vol": 264,
                    "call_oi": 7,
                    "put_oi": 1465,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6960,
                    "call_vol": 1,
                    "put_vol": 38,
                    "vol": 39,
                    "call_oi": 1,
                    "put_oi": 286,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6970,
                    "call_vol": 2,
                    "put_vol": 3,
                    "vol": 5,
                    "call_oi": 2,
                    "put_oi": 147,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6975,
                    "call_vol": 1,
                    "put_vol": 13,
                    "vol": 14,
                    "call_oi": 3,
                    "put_oi": 264,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6980,
                    "call_vol": 2,
                    "put_vol": 70,
                    "vol": 72,
                    "call_oi": 1,
                    "put_oi": 284,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 6990,
                    "call_vol": 2,
                    "put_vol": 427,
                    "vol": 429,
                    "call_oi": 2,
                    "put_oi": 673,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7000,
                    "call_vol": 16,
                    "put_vol": 5,
                    "vol": 21,
                    "call_oi": 4636,
                    "put_oi": 9232,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7010,
                    "call_vol": 10,
                    "put_vol": 4,
                    "vol": 14,
                    "call_oi": 2,
                    "put_oi": 283,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7020,
                    "call_vol": null,
                    "put_vol": 15,
                    "vol": 15,
                    "call_oi": 0,
                    "put_oi": 343,
                    "call_oi_zero": true,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": true,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7025,
                    "call_vol": 2,
                    "put_vol": 1,
                    "vol": 3,
                    "call_oi": 1,
                    "put_oi": 2877,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7030,
                    "call_vol": 2,
                    "put_vol": 26,
                    "vol": 28,
                    "call_oi": 1,
                    "put_oi": 110,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7040,
                    "call_vol": 1,
                    "put_vol": 3,
                    "vol": 4,
                    "call_oi": 2,
                    "put_oi": 260,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7050,
                    "call_vol": 3,
                    "put_vol": 209,
                    "vol": 212,
                    "call_oi": 183,
                    "put_oi": 4420,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7060,
                    "call_vol": 2,
                    "put_vol": 66,
                    "vol": 68,
                    "call_oi": 1,
                    "put_oi": 380,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7070,
                    "call_vol": 2,
                    "put_vol": 26,
                    "vol": 28,
                    "call_oi": 2,
                    "put_oi": 192,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7075,
                    "call_vol": 64,
                    "put_vol": 125,
                    "vol": 189,
                    "call_oi": 73,
                    "put_oi": 1030,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7080,
                    "call_vol": 64,
                    "put_vol": 19,
                    "vol": 83,
                    "call_oi": 69,
                    "put_oi": 96,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7090,
                    "call_vol": 1,
                    "put_vol": 96,
                    "vol": 97,
                    "call_oi": 2,
                    "put_oi": 476,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7100,
                    "call_vol": 8,
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                    "call_oi": 4242,
                    "put_oi": 21,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7850,
                    "call_vol": 3771,
                    "put_vol": 40,
                    "vol": 3811,
                    "call_oi": 6275,
                    "put_oi": 110,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
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                {
                    "k": 7855,
                    "call_vol": 3435,
                    "put_vol": 50,
                    "vol": 3485,
                    "call_oi": 1842,
                    "put_oi": 55,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7860,
                    "call_vol": 1506,
                    "put_vol": 5,
                    "vol": 1511,
                    "call_oi": 1512,
                    "put_oi": 73,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7865,
                    "call_vol": 1994,
                    "put_vol": 2,
                    "vol": 1996,
                    "call_oi": 3044,
                    "put_oi": 1,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7870,
                    "call_vol": 2933,
                    "put_vol": 5,
                    "vol": 2938,
                    "call_oi": 1327,
                    "put_oi": 18,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7875,
                    "call_vol": 982,
                    "put_vol": 2,
                    "vol": 984,
                    "call_oi": 1891,
                    "put_oi": 166,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7880,
                    "call_vol": 1056,
                    "put_vol": 3,
                    "vol": 1059,
                    "call_oi": 5987,
                    "put_oi": 55,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7885,
                    "call_vol": 832,
                    "put_vol": 1,
                    "vol": 833,
                    "call_oi": 7115,
                    "put_oi": 2,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7890,
                    "call_vol": 377,
                    "put_vol": 2,
                    "vol": 379,
                    "call_oi": 1806,
                    "put_oi": 10,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7895,
                    "call_vol": 526,
                    "put_vol": 2,
                    "vol": 528,
                    "call_oi": 637,
                    "put_oi": 4,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7900,
                    "call_vol": 2567,
                    "put_vol": 73,
                    "vol": 2640,
                    "call_oi": 26279,
                    "put_oi": 47,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7905,
                    "call_vol": 2059,
                    "put_vol": 4,
                    "vol": 2063,
                    "call_oi": 758,
                    "put_oi": 1,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7910,
                    "call_vol": 2468,
                    "put_vol": 5,
                    "vol": 2473,
                    "call_oi": 3976,
                    "put_oi": 7,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7915,
                    "call_vol": 1942,
                    "put_vol": 1,
                    "vol": 1943,
                    "call_oi": 496,
                    "put_oi": 6,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7920,
                    "call_vol": 1817,
                    "put_vol": 6,
                    "vol": 1823,
                    "call_oi": 3524,
                    "put_oi": 3,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
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                {
                    "k": 7925,
                    "call_vol": 4965,
                    "put_vol": 6,
                    "vol": 4971,
                    "call_oi": 4706,
                    "put_oi": 6,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7930,
                    "call_vol": 1587,
                    "put_vol": 4,
                    "vol": 1591,
                    "call_oi": 996,
                    "put_oi": 10,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
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                {
                    "k": 7935,
                    "call_vol": 382,
                    "put_vol": 2,
                    "vol": 384,
                    "call_oi": 397,
                    "put_oi": 2,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7940,
                    "call_vol": 212,
                    "put_vol": 2,
                    "vol": 214,
                    "call_oi": 957,
                    "put_oi": 3,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7945,
                    "call_vol": 105,
                    "put_vol": 6,
                    "vol": 111,
                    "call_oi": 0,
                    "put_oi": 0,
                    "call_oi_zero": true,
                    "put_oi_zero": true,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7950,
                    "call_vol": 649,
                    "put_vol": 4,
                    "vol": 653,
                    "call_oi": 4416,
                    "put_oi": 13,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7955,
                    "call_vol": 2,
                    "put_vol": null,
                    "vol": 2,
                    "call_oi": 0,
                    "put_oi": 0,
                    "call_oi_zero": true,
                    "put_oi_zero": true,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": true
                },
                {
                    "k": 7960,
                    "call_vol": 28,
                    "put_vol": 6,
                    "vol": 34,
                    "call_oi": 652,
                    "put_oi": 3,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7965,
                    "call_vol": 179,
                    "put_vol": null,
                    "vol": 179,
                    "call_oi": 0,
                    "put_oi": 0,
                    "call_oi_zero": true,
                    "put_oi_zero": true,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": true
                },
                {
                    "k": 7970,
                    "call_vol": 20,
                    "put_vol": 2,
                    "vol": 22,
                    "call_oi": 829,
                    "put_oi": 35,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7975,
                    "call_vol": 11,
                    "put_vol": 2,
                    "vol": 13,
                    "call_oi": 1094,
                    "put_oi": 3,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7980,
                    "call_vol": 1,
                    "put_vol": 4,
                    "vol": 5,
                    "call_oi": 3964,
                    "put_oi": 52,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 7990,
                    "call_vol": 339,
                    "put_vol": 4,
                    "vol": 343,
                    "call_oi": 510,
                    "put_oi": 35,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 8000,
                    "call_vol": 28,
                    "put_vol": 2,
                    "vol": 30,
                    "call_oi": 13463,
                    "put_oi": 3139,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 8010,
                    "call_vol": 7,
                    "put_vol": 4,
                    "vol": 11,
                    "call_oi": 263,
                    "put_oi": 1,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 8020,
                    "call_vol": 84,
                    "put_vol": 4,
                    "vol": 88,
                    "call_oi": 507,
                    "put_oi": 2,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 8025,
                    "call_vol": 347,
                    "put_vol": 2,
                    "vol": 349,
                    "call_oi": 1054,
                    "put_oi": 801,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 8030,
                    "call_vol": 32,
                    "put_vol": 6,
                    "vol": 38,
                    "call_oi": 227,
                    "put_oi": 2,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 8040,
                    "call_vol": 36,
                    "put_vol": 1,
                    "vol": 37,
                    "call_oi": 214,
                    "put_oi": 3,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 8050,
                    "call_vol": 167,
                    "put_vol": 4,
                    "vol": 171,
                    "call_oi": 5720,
                    "put_oi": 206,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 8060,
                    "call_vol": 11,
                    "put_vol": 2,
                    "vol": 13,
                    "call_oi": 78,
                    "put_oi": 2,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 8070,
                    "call_vol": 5,
                    "put_vol": 6,
                    "vol": 11,
                    "call_oi": 76,
                    "put_oi": 3,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 8075,
                    "call_vol": 445,
                    "put_vol": 2,
                    "vol": 447,
                    "call_oi": 776,
                    "put_oi": 15,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 8080,
                    "call_vol": 26,
                    "put_vol": 2,
                    "vol": 28,
                    "call_oi": 55,
                    "put_oi": 2,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 8090,
                    "call_vol": 12,
                    "put_vol": 6,
                    "vol": 18,
                    "call_oi": 73,
                    "put_oi": 17,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 8100,
                    "call_vol": 2,
                    "put_vol": 2,
                    "vol": 4,
                    "call_oi": 1240,
                    "put_oi": 102,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 8110,
                    "call_vol": 63,
                    "put_vol": 4,
                    "vol": 67,
                    "call_oi": 192,
                    "put_oi": 3,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 8120,
                    "call_vol": 52,
                    "put_vol": 4,
                    "vol": 56,
                    "call_oi": 648,
                    "put_oi": 2,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 8125,
                    "call_vol": 10,
                    "put_vol": 35,
                    "vol": 45,
                    "call_oi": 459,
                    "put_oi": 35,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 8130,
                    "call_vol": 51,
                    "put_vol": 6,
                    "vol": 57,
                    "call_oi": 153,
                    "put_oi": 3,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 8140,
                    "call_vol": 50,
                    "put_vol": 12,
                    "vol": 62,
                    "call_oi": 93,
                    "put_oi": 10,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 8150,
                    "call_vol": 5,
                    "put_vol": 6,
                    "vol": 11,
                    "call_oi": 1313,
                    "put_oi": 2,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 8160,
                    "call_vol": 2,
                    "put_vol": 36,
                    "vol": 38,
                    "call_oi": 4,
                    "put_oi": 36,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 8170,
                    "call_vol": 6,
                    "put_vol": 2,
                    "vol": 8,
                    "call_oi": 161,
                    "put_oi": 12,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 8175,
                    "call_vol": 56,
                    "put_vol": 8,
                    "vol": 64,
                    "call_oi": 3116,
                    "put_oi": 6,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 8180,
                    "call_vol": null,
                    "put_vol": 2,
                    "vol": 2,
                    "call_oi": 0,
                    "put_oi": 0,
                    "call_oi_zero": true,
                    "put_oi_zero": true,
                    "call_vol_missing": true,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 8190,
                    "call_vol": null,
                    "put_vol": 2,
                    "vol": 2,
                    "call_oi": 0,
                    "put_oi": 0,
                    "call_oi_zero": true,
                    "put_oi_zero": true,
                    "call_vol_missing": true,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 8200,
                    "call_vol": 2,
                    "put_vol": 8,
                    "vol": 10,
                    "call_oi": 1501,
                    "put_oi": 9,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 8225,
                    "call_vol": 1,
                    "put_vol": 2,
                    "vol": 3,
                    "call_oi": 498,
                    "put_oi": 1,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 8250,
                    "call_vol": 5,
                    "put_vol": 6,
                    "vol": 11,
                    "call_oi": 4812,
                    "put_oi": 4,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 8275,
                    "call_vol": 15,
                    "put_vol": null,
                    "vol": 15,
                    "call_oi": 351,
                    "put_oi": 0,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": true,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": true
                },
                {
                    "k": 8300,
                    "call_vol": 273,
                    "put_vol": null,
                    "vol": 273,
                    "call_oi": 2582,
                    "put_oi": 0,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": true,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": true
                },
                {
                    "k": 8325,
                    "call_vol": 21,
                    "put_vol": 2,
                    "vol": 23,
                    "call_oi": 97,
                    "put_oi": 3,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 8350,
                    "call_vol": 5,
                    "put_vol": null,
                    "vol": 5,
                    "call_oi": 240,
                    "put_oi": 0,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": true,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": true
                },
                {
                    "k": 8375,
                    "call_vol": 500,
                    "put_vol": null,
                    "vol": 500,
                    "call_oi": 500,
                    "put_oi": 0,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": true,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": true
                },
                {
                    "k": 8400,
                    "call_vol": 1,
                    "put_vol": 2,
                    "vol": 3,
                    "call_oi": 3929,
                    "put_oi": 2,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": false,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": false
                },
                {
                    "k": 8425,
                    "call_vol": null,
                    "put_vol": null,
                    "vol": 0,
                    "call_oi": 0,
                    "put_oi": 0,
                    "call_oi_zero": true,
                    "put_oi_zero": true,
                    "call_vol_missing": true,
                    "put_vol_missing": true
                },
                {
                    "k": 8450,
                    "call_vol": 2,
                    "put_vol": null,
                    "vol": 2,
                    "call_oi": 44,
                    "put_oi": 0,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": true,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": true
                },
                {
                    "k": 8475,
                    "call_vol": 13,
                    "put_vol": null,
                    "vol": 13,
                    "call_oi": 13,
                    "put_oi": 0,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": true,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": true
                },
                {
                    "k": 8500,
                    "call_vol": 1,
                    "put_vol": null,
                    "vol": 1,
                    "call_oi": 1006,
                    "put_oi": 0,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": true,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": true
                },
                {
                    "k": 8550,
                    "call_vol": 1,
                    "put_vol": null,
                    "vol": 1,
                    "call_oi": 31,
                    "put_oi": 0,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": true,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": true
                },
                {
                    "k": 8600,
                    "call_vol": 100,
                    "put_vol": null,
                    "vol": 100,
                    "call_oi": 6377,
                    "put_oi": 0,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": true,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": true
                },
                {
                    "k": 8700,
                    "call_vol": 10,
                    "put_vol": null,
                    "vol": 10,
                    "call_oi": 48,
                    "put_oi": 0,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": true,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": true
                },
                {
                    "k": 8800,
                    "call_vol": 30,
                    "put_vol": null,
                    "vol": 30,
                    "call_oi": 3076,
                    "put_oi": 0,
                    "call_oi_zero": false,
                    "put_oi_zero": true,
                    "call_vol_missing": false,
                    "put_vol_missing": true
                }
            ],
            "totals_in_band": {
                "call_vol": 1493149,
                "put_vol": 1516934,
                "vol": 3010083,
                "n": 530,
                "n_oi_zero": 48,
                "n_oi_zero_with_vol": 13,
                "n_oi_pos": 482,
                "vol_on_oi_zero": 312,
                "vol_on_oi_pos": 3009771,
                "vol_missing": 37,
                "oi_known": 530
            },
            "totals_all_0dte": {
                "call_vol": 1493289,
                "put_vol": 1519882,
                "vol": 3013171,
                "n": 626,
                "n_oi_zero_with_vol": 16,
                "note": "Includes same-day contracts outside the \u00b115% GEX band. In-band overlay can hide lotto prints; this total exists so they are not silent."
            },
            "gap": {
                "oi_zero_with_vol": "Listed this morning, trading, no standing OI \u2014 the VolSignals 0DTE lines we cannot sign.",
                "oi_pos_with_vol": "Friday weeklies / leftover OI: inventory is in zero_dte_profile; this volume is still today's prints, not a second position.",
                "vol_missing": "day.volume not supplied (DATA_GAP). Distinct from vol=0 (NO_FLOW)."
            }
        },
        "census": {
            "n_session": 1549,
            "n_forward": 1347,
            "n_0dte": 202,
            "xiv_used": 1549,
            "xiv_missing": 523,
            "texp_missing": 0,
            "q_empty": 0,
            "rate_missing": 0,
            "xcharm_known": 1549,
            "xcharm_missing": 523,
            "xvanna_known": 1549,
            "xvanna_missing": 523,
            "why_excluded": "oi missing \u2192 not a position. oi=0 \u2192 no standing inventory (typical same-morning 0DTE). xiv empty \u2192 x-block unidentifiable, not filled from vendor iv. texp empty \u2192 tenor unknown, not replaced with the 1-day regime floor."
        },
        "assumptions": "MODELLED, NOT MEASURED. Same signed book as the per-strike GEX chart (\u00b115% of spot, nearest 6 expiries, OI-only, never volume). Time remaining is the clock to the banked expiry instant, not a 1-day floor \u2014 so 0DTE gamma and charm into the close are visible here and hidden on the regime curve above (that curve keeps the 1-day floor so it stays comparable to the banked history). The late-day gamma slice is the SAME open-interest book with less time left \u2014 not a forecast of trades or of price. 0DTE contracts with oi=0 do not appear. The dealer-side sign is the usual convention (customers sell calls / buy puts) and is often wrong; VolSignals showed 20 of 36 large 0DTE lines carrying the wrong sign under it. Read the NUMBERS as concentrations; read the DIRECTION as an assumption.",
        "estimator": "Black-Scholes gamma, vanna and charm from each contract's locally-solved xiv (never vendor iv), r and q from the snapshot header (same inputs as the x-block), sticky-strike, OI-weighted, calls +1 / puts -1. The xcharm/xvanna sums (at_spot.charm_x / vanna_x) use the chain's already-banked local greeks at A2C_TFLOOR and are NEVER fused with the repriced live-T curves. A disagreement between at_spot and at_spot.charm_x on 0DTE is information: the archive is pinned at ~12 hours all session.",
        "expiry_convention": "Remaining time is ACT/365.25 years from the snapshot clock to the banked texp INSTANT (AM 09:30 ET for SPX/NDX/RUT monthlies, PM 16:00 ET for ETFs, singles and weeklies). Same-day tenor is floored to 5 minutes so gamma stays finite. This is NOT the 1-day regime floor and NOT the archive's 12-hour x-block floor.",
        "dealer_side_caveat": "WHICH SIDE ARE DEALERS ACTUALLY ON? These greeks cannot see it. Every sign here infers dealers long calls and short puts. When customers have been BUYING calls, dealers are short them and a \"long\" line is actually a short \u2014 the absorb/amplify label flips. Nothing on this page confirms the direction. VolSignals, 2026-08-31: 20 of 36 SPX 0DTE lines over 300 contracts carried the opposite sign under this convention.",
        "not_the_regime": "These numbers are not an input to verdict.regime / decay / pin / lean.",
        "unit_gamma": "dealer gamma, dollars per 1% move \u2014 time-aware T from texp, NOT the 1-day-floor regime curve",
        "unit_charm": "dealer dollar-delta per year (divide by 365.25 for per calendar day)",
        "unit_vanna": "dealer dollar-delta per 1.00 vol (divide by 100 for per vol-point)"
    },
    "conventional_levels": {
        "band_pct": 2,
        "premise": "Dealers are assumed LONG calls and SHORT puts (customers buy puts / sell calls). That is a convention, not a measurement. VolSignals, 2026-08-31, on SPX 0DTE: 20 of 36 lines with >300 contracts had the OPPOSITE sign. When the convention is wrong, every label below flips: an amplifier absorbs, an absorber amplifies.",
        "amplifiers": [
            {
                "level": 7650,
                "rank": 1,
                "gex": -1496413804.551699,
                "net_oi": -6405,
                "call_oi": 2915,
                "put_oi": 9320,
                "dist_pct": -0.8887622107636146,
                "dist_pts": -68.60000000000036,
                "role": "amplifier",
                "does": "Under the usual assumption that dealers are short gamma here, hedging would AMPLIFY a move through this strike. We cannot see who is actually short. If customers bought these options, dealers are short and this behaves as a test; if the convention is wrong, it absorbs instead."
            },
            {
                "level": 7675,
                "rank": 2,
                "gex": -1163985465.6318965,
                "net_oi": -4618,
                "call_oi": 2907,
                "put_oi": 7525,
                "dist_pct": -0.5648692768118617,
                "dist_pts": -43.600000000000364,
                "role": "amplifier",
                "does": "Under the usual assumption that dealers are short gamma here, hedging would AMPLIFY a move through this strike. We cannot see who is actually short. If customers bought these options, dealers are short and this behaves as a test; if the convention is wrong, it absorbs instead."
            },
            {
                "level": 7600,
                "rank": 3,
                "gex": -1071145041.6839658,
                "net_oi": -7681,
                "call_oi": 2752,
                "put_oi": 10433,
                "dist_pct": -1.5365480786671204,
                "dist_pts": -118.60000000000036,
                "role": "amplifier",
                "does": "Under the usual assumption that dealers are short gamma here, hedging would AMPLIFY a move through this strike. We cannot see who is actually short. If customers bought these options, dealers are short and this behaves as a test; if the convention is wrong, it absorbs instead."
            }
        ],
        "absorbers": [
            {
                "level": 7825,
                "rank": 1,
                "gex": 3034455363.3916335,
                "net_oi": 31928,
                "call_oi": 32197,
                "put_oi": 269,
                "dist_pct": 1.3784883268986556,
                "dist_pts": 106.39999999999964,
                "role": "absorber",
                "does": "Under the usual assumption that dealers are long gamma here, hedging would ABSORB a move through this strike \u2014 selling rallies, buying dips. We cannot see who is actually long. If the convention is wrong, it amplifies instead."
            },
            {
                "level": 7800,
                "rank": 2,
                "gex": 1817320524.9052048,
                "net_oi": 12420,
                "call_oi": 14828,
                "put_oi": 2408,
                "dist_pct": 1.0545953929469025,
                "dist_pts": 81.39999999999964,
                "role": "absorber",
                "does": "Under the usual assumption that dealers are long gamma here, hedging would ABSORB a move through this strike \u2014 selling rallies, buying dips. We cannot see who is actually long. If the convention is wrong, it amplifies instead."
            },
            {
                "level": 7750,
                "rank": 3,
                "gex": 1707394658.4795427,
                "net_oi": 3302,
                "call_oi": 8864,
                "put_oi": 5562,
                "dist_pct": 0.40680952504339696,
                "dist_pts": 31.399999999999636,
                "role": "absorber",
                "does": "Under the usual assumption that dealers are long gamma here, hedging would ABSORB a move through this strike \u2014 selling rallies, buying dips. We cannot see who is actually long. If the convention is wrong, it amplifies instead."
            }
        ],
        "book": "forward",
        "as_of": "2026-09-04T20:23:01+00:00",
        "src": "per-strike OI-weighted dollar gamma, same snapshot as the walls; dealer-side sign is a convention"
    },
    "migration": {
        "from_iso": "2026-09-04T13:08:01+00:00",
        "to_iso": "2026-09-04T20:23:01+00:00",
        "n_snapshots": 80,
        "call_wall": [
            7825,
            7825
        ],
        "put_wall": [
            7650,
            7715
        ],
        "gamma_center": [
            7746.9403801451235,
            7712.291269255671
        ],
        "spot": [
            7747.71,
            7718.6
        ],
        "local_gamma_at_spot": [
            2709062024.438317,
            -8290269937.009805
        ],
        "sign_flips": 21
    },
    "census": {
        "n": 28650,
        "in_band": 2646,
        "oi_known": 2646,
        "oi_missing": 0,
        "oi_zero": 574,
        "g_vendor": 2641,
        "g_x": 1655,
        "used": 2646
    },
    "freshness": {
        "chain_day": "2026-09-04",
        "chain_asof": "2026-09-04T20:23:01+00:00",
        "chain_phase": "post_close",
        "chain_built": "2026-09-04T21:50:59Z",
        "now_utc": "2026-09-07T03:50:15Z",
        "tiers": [
            {
                "key": "chain",
                "label": "options chain",
                "ts": "2026-09-04T20:23:01+00:00",
                "cadence": 300,
                "phase": "held",
                "means": "The full option chain, captured every 5 minutes while the market is open and held at the last reading once it closes. Outside trading hours a held clock is correct behaviour, not a failure."
            },
            {
                "key": "build",
                "label": "profile build",
                "ts": "2026-09-04T21:50:59Z",
                "cadence": 600,
                "phase": "held",
                "means": "When the per-strike gamma profile on this page was last rebuilt from the chain archive. It rebuilds every 10 minutes while the market is open and holds at the last build once it closes \u2014 a held clock out of hours is correct, not a failure."
            },
            {
                "key": "open interest",
                "ts": "2026-09-04",
                "cadence": 86400,
                "mode": "date",
                "phase": "settled",
                "means": "Settled overnight by the clearing house for the PREVIOUS session. It does not move intraday \u2014 market structure, not neglect."
            },
            {
                "key": "daily history",
                "ts": "2026-09-04",
                "cadence": 86400,
                "mode": "date",
                "phase": "settled",
                "means": "The banked daily-close spine the history charts draw. One row per session."
            },
            {
                "key": "futures",
                "label": "ES futures",
                "ts": "2026-09-07T03:45:00+00:00",
                "cadence": 300,
                "phase": "live",
                "means": "ESU6, the front-month contract resolved by live volume rather than a continuous alias. It trades while the cash market is shut, which is the whole reason it can be compared against a wall level that is frozen until the next settlement."
            },
            {
                "key": "runs archive",
                "label": "bull/bear archive",
                "ts": "2026-09-04",
                "cadence": 86400,
                "mode": "date",
                "phase": "settled",
                "grace": 216000,
                "means": "Daily closes from 1927-12-30 to 2026-09-04, used ONLY by the optional bull/bear runs block. It extends by one row per completed session, so a day behind is normal and a week behind is not."
            }
        ],
        "chain_cadence": "every 5 minutes in regular trading hours, plus a pre-open and a post-close bracket",
        "open_interest": "PREVIOUS session, settled overnight by the clearing house. It does not move intraday \u2014 a market-structure fact, not a defect.",
        "history_last": "2026-09-04",
        "history_gex_window": "from 2026-03-02 (the OCC open-interest purchase); continues past 2026-08-04 from the live chain recorder rather than ending there",
        "validation_built": "2026-09-06T09:20:03Z"
    },
    "method": {
        "weighting": "OI-ONLY. Never volume. A contract with no reported open interest is EXCLUDED and COUNTED (see census.oi_missing), never treated as zero.",
        "oi_is_stale_by_design": "Open interest is the PREVIOUS session's settled figure, published overnight by the clearing house. It does not move intraday. A strike listed this morning legitimately reads 0 all session while millions of contracts trade. Market structure, not a data defect.",
        "formula": "gex = sign * gamma * oi * 100 * spot^2 * 0.01, sign +1 call / -1 put, NET at each strike",
        "band": "+/-15% of spot, nearest 6 expiries \u2014 matched to the opra-gex v2 archive the validation history is built on",
        "cadence": "the recorder sweeps every 5 minutes during regular trading hours, plus a pre-open and a post-close bracket",
        "primary": "NETTED CONTRACT COUNTS PER STRIKE (net_oi = call OI - put OI) are the PRIMARY read. Dollar gamma at a single strike explodes as spot approaches it and collapses as spot leaves, so a dollar-ranked wall is a moving target; the contract count is not. Dollar gamma (gex) is reported beside it as the SECONDARY.",
        "construction_gap": "THE LIVE READ AND THE BACKTEST ARE NOT THE SAME CONSTRUCTION, and a reader must not assume the one validates the other exactly. This file computes per-strike NETTED CONTRACT COUNTS from the 5-minute chain recorder, which banks per-contract open interest for all 9 roots \u2014 but only from 2026-08-05 forward. The Part B validation history (2026-02 .. 2026-08-04) has no per-strike open interest at all; only the DAILY DOLLAR-GEX AGGREGATE exists back there, which is the very construction the contract-count rule warns against. So the hit rates on this page were measured on the aggregate, while the live regime read is built on the netted counts.",
        "estimators": "total_gex uses the VENDOR gamma; total_gex_x uses our own Black-Scholes gamma. Never fused, never substituted \u2014 see census.g_vendor / census.g_x.",
        "position_greeks": "Charm, vanna and a time-aware gamma are computed from the SAME signed OI-weighted book as the regime curve, with remaining time to the banked texp instant (5-minute floor) and locally-solved xiv \u2014 never vendor iv, never the 1-day floor. They do not replace the regime verdict. 0DTE volume is counted as today's activity and is never used as a weight. Dealer-side sign is the usual convention and is labelled as one."
    }
}

Full payload including every snapshot, the per-strike profile and the complete validation tables: api.php?sym=SPX&full=1 · text: ?format=text · Part B only: ?validation=1